rural-urban dynamics_report.pdf - Khazar University

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MDG 4 Reduce child mortality In most countries around the world, most children’s deaths occur in the first year. In developing countries, the under-five mortality rate fell from 87 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 51 in 2011. This progress is not sufficient to meet the health-related MDG target of a two-thirds reduction by 2015. Only 25 countries have achieved this target, and only an additional 26 have made enough progress to be able to meet the target by 2015. For the infant mortality rate, the numbers are worse: only 5 countries met the target of reducing the infant mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015, and only 13 countries are making enough progress to reach it by 2015. More than 120 countries still have not made sufficient progress to meet the goal on time. Overall, the MDG health indicators have seen the least progress of all the MDGs. As a country urbanizes, children in urban areas tend to have access to better health services and thus lower rates of child mortality than children in rural areas. In addition, as countries become more urbanized, the proportion of children in rural areas declines, further narrowing the difference between the mortality rates of rural and urban children. Notably, the highest rates of child mortality are in Sub-Saharan Africa, whose countries are the least urbanized. The disparities between urban and rural infant mortality rates display a similar pattern. Higher infant mortality rates in rural areas are in part attributable to the disadvantages faced by rural households, such as lack of access to a safe source of drinking water and electricity. As discussed in chapter 2 of the Global Monitoring Report (GMR), governments need to provide basic services in rural areas as well as in urban ones to correct such deficiencies, to the extent possible. FIGURE 4a Urban versus rural child mortality gap Child deaths (per 1,000) 250 200 150 100 TCD.04 MLI.06 SLE.08 Rural Urban Log (rural) MOZ.03 NER.06 GIN.05 CAF.94 ZMB.07 LBR.07 COD.07 CIV.98 SDN.90 NGA.08 BEN.06 MWI.10 SWZ.06 BFA.10 COG.05 TGO.98 YEM.97 MRT.00 TZA.10 CMR.11 ETH.11 ERI.02 LSO.09 GAB.00 BDI.10 UGA.11 RWA.10 COM.96 PAK.06 KEN.08 ZWE.10 TKM.00 GHA.08 HTI.06 BOL.03 TLS.09 BGD.07 STP.08 IND.06MDG.08 KGZ.97 NAM.06 SEN.10 TUN.88 UZB.96 KAZ.99 AZE.06 BWA.88 TUR.98 CPV.98 MEX.87 BRA.96 NPL.11 ZAF.98 GUY.09 IDN.07 MAR.03 THA.87 GTM.08 TTO.87 KHM.10 EGY.08 PHL.08 HND.05 NIC.06 ECU.04 DOM.07 MDV.09 ROU.99 GEO.05 PRY.08 VNM.02 MDA.05 JAM.08 ARM.10 SLV.08 COL.10 UKR.07 PER.07 JOR.09 ALB.08 50 0 0 25 50 75 100 % of urban population Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). 32
FIGURE 4b Urban versus rural infant mortality gap Rural deaths (per 1,000 live births) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Cambodia (2010) Morocco (2003) Namibia (2006) Indonesia (2007) Guatemala (2008) Vietnam (2002) Albania (2008) Jordan (2009) Colombia (2010) Burundi (2010) Bolivia (2008) India (2006) Eritrea (2002) Senegal (2010) Guyana (2009) Malawi (2010) Mali (2006) Guinea (2005) Mauritania (2000) Kenya_2008 Mozambique (2003) Congo, Dem. Rep. (2007) Liberia (2009) Niger (2006) Nigeria (2008) Congo, Rep. (2005) Lesotho (2009) Zambia (2007) Sierra Leone (2008) 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Urban deaths (per 1,000 live births) Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). 33
Page 3: Global Monitoring Report 2013 Rural
Page 6 and 7: © 2013 International Bank for Reco
Page 8 and 9: vi CONTENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REPOR
Page 10 and 11: viii CONTENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REP
Page 13 and 14: Foreword Global Monitoring Report (
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgments This report has bee
Page 17: Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asia
Page 20 and 21: GMR 2013 Rural-Urban Dynamics and t
Page 22 and 23: 4 OVERVIEW GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT
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Page 38 and 39: Goals and Targets from the Millenni
Page 40 and 41: Progress toward the MDGs Only two y
Page 42 and 43: primary completion, and access to s
Page 44 and 45: FIGURE 1a Poverty rates (living on
Page 46 and 47: MDG 2 Achieve universal primary edu
Page 48 and 49: MDG 3 Promote gender equality and e
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Page 54 and 55: MDG 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and
Page 56 and 57: FIGURE 6e Children under age 5 who
Page 58 and 59: FIGURE 7b Access to sanitation by r
Page 60 and 61: Improving the measurement of develo
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2 Rural-Urban Disparities and Dynam
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GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2013 RURAL
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Appendix Table A1.1 Classification
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ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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