rural-urban dynamics_report.pdf - Khazar University

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MDG 5 Reduce maternal mortality MDG 5 centers on improving maternal health, with a target of reducing the maternal mortality ratio by threequarters between 1990 and 2015. With only two years remaining before the target date, progress on maternal health is still lagging. Despite some notable exceptions such as Sri Lanka and Malaysia, the level of maternal mortality remains high in much of the developing world. Although on the aggregate the rate of progress has doubled across the globe from 2005 to 2010, it is unlikely that this MDG will be achieved by 2015. South Asia is the only region on track to reach the target for reducing maternal mortality, assuming the region continues at the same rate of progress made from 2005 to 2010. The Middle East and North Africa might also be able to reach the MDG target if it doubles the effort it made from 2005 to 2010. The starting point in the level of maternal mortality obviously affects progress made in achieving the target but is not the only factor. Europe and Central Asia started with 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990, while Sub-Saharan Africa started with 850. However, if Sub-Saharan Africa doubles the progress made during 2005 to 2010, it will be able to reach its goal by 2016—just a year past the target, while Europe and Central Asia would need to more than double its effort to meet the goal in 2015. The starting point for the maternal mortality ratio in middle-income countries in 1990 was nearly half that of low-income countries (370 deaths per 100,000 live births compared to 810). However, neither group of countries is close to achieving the goal on time . Although they will miss the 2015 target date, middle-income countries could reach the maternal mortality goal by 2016 if they doubled their effort. The low-income group will need even longer Despite this bad news, there are some bright spots. Fragile states as a group started with a similar number of maternal deaths to Sub-Saharan Africa (780 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990), but several of them have managed, or are on track, to achieve this particular MDG. Nepal reduced its maternal mortality rate from 770 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 170 in 2010, earning it the MDG Millennium Award in 2010. Nepal has also made extraordinary progress in reducing its proportion of poor people in recent years. Other fragile states such as Afghanistan, Angola, Eritrea, Timor-Leste, and the Republic of Yemen are still on track to meet the MDG, some with acceleration, and others following their current growth trend. The issue of teenage pregnancy still requires significant attention, especially in rural areas, where the rate of teen pregnancy is higher than in urban areas. 34
FIGURE 5a Expected year when maternal mortality goal will be met, by region FIGURE 5b Expected year when maternal mortality goal will be met, by income level and by fragile and small states Middle East & North Africa a Latin America & the Caribbean a Europe & Central Asia a East Asia & Pacific a South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa a World 2014 2017 2026 2020 2014 2018 2012 2014 2016 2021 2016 2021 2030 2041 Small states Fragile states Middle-income countries Low- and middleincome countries Lower-middleincome countries Low-income countries 2018 2016 2016 2015 2020 2014 2019 2014 2019 2022 2022 2025 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2011 Doubling of effort made, 2005–10 Extrapolating absolute progress made, 2005–10 Source: World Development Indicators database, 2013. a. Developing countries only. Doubling of effort made, 2005–10 Extrapolating absolute progress made, 2005–10 Source: World Development Indicators database, 2013. FIGURE 5c The percentage of teenagers who had children or are currently pregnant is higher in rural areas than in urban ones 50 MOZ.03 45 40 NER.06 SLE.08 CIV.98 GIN.05 MLI.06 GAB.00 TCD.04 CAF.94 35 MDG.08 CMR.11 STP.08 NIC.06 BGD.07 Rural (percentage) 30 25 20 15 10 5 LSO.09 GUY.09 IND.06 PER.07 CPV.98 NAM.06 MRT.00 ETH.11 JAM.08 SDN.90 TTO.87 EGY.08 GEO.05 AZE.06 BDI.10 ARM.10 UKR.07 ALB.08 MDV.09 BEN.06 TZA.10 SEN.10 COD.07 MWI.10 UGA.11 SWZ.06 ECU.04 KEN.08 BWA.88 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Urban (percentage) Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). 35
Page 3: Global Monitoring Report 2013 Rural
Page 6 and 7: © 2013 International Bank for Reco
Page 8 and 9: vi CONTENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REPOR
Page 10 and 11: viii CONTENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REP
Page 13 and 14: Foreword Global Monitoring Report (
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgments This report has bee
Page 17: Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asia
Page 20 and 21: GMR 2013 Rural-Urban Dynamics and t
Page 22 and 23: 4 OVERVIEW GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT
Page 28 and 29: 10 OVERVIEW GLOBAL MONITORING REPOR
Page 38 and 39: Goals and Targets from the Millenni
Page 40 and 41: Progress toward the MDGs Only two y
Page 42 and 43: primary completion, and access to s
Page 44 and 45: FIGURE 1a Poverty rates (living on
Page 46 and 47: MDG 2 Achieve universal primary edu
Page 48 and 49: MDG 3 Promote gender equality and e
Page 50 and 51: MDG 4 Reduce child mortality In mos
Page 54 and 55: MDG 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and
Page 56 and 57: FIGURE 6e Children under age 5 who
Page 58 and 59: FIGURE 7b Access to sanitation by r
Page 60 and 61: Improving the measurement of develo
Page 63 and 64: 1 Macroeconomic, Trade, and Aid Dev
Page 65 and 66: GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2013 MACRO
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2 Rural-Urban Disparities and Dynam
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GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2013 RURAL
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3 How Can Urbanization Accelerate P
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Appendix Table A1.1 Classification
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ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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