Russian Nuclear Weapons: Past, Present, and Future

29. “Yeltsin Rattles Nuclear Sabre after Criticism over Chechnya,”
Disarmament Diplomacy, Issue No. 42, December 1999, available
from www.acronym.org.uk/textonly/dd/dd42/42sabre.htm.
30. See Ashton B. Carter, “U.S. Assistance to the New Independent
States of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) in Dismantling
Their Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Congressional Hearings,
“Special Weapons: Nuclear, Chemical, Biological and Missile,”
House Foreign Affairs Committee, September 21, 1993, available
from www.fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1993_h/930921-ash.htm.
31. The First-Strike Doctrine, Scilla.ru, June, 13, 2010, available
from www.scilla.ru/content/view/3533/2/.
32. See “There Will Be No RAKs without MAKs,” Rossiiskaya
Gazeta, March 11, 1999, available from www.buran.ru/htm/11-3-99.
htm.
33. Decree No. 1833 was submitted for the consideration of the
RF Federal Assembly (parliament) elected on December 12, 1993,
however, the latter refused to consider it for reasons of continued
confrontation between the executive and legislative branches in
Russia.
34. See “Rybkin Reasserts Moscow’s Right To Use Nuclear
Weapons,” Radiostantsiya Ekho Moskvy, May 13, 1997, GlobalSecurity.org,
available from www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/
russia/1997/drsov05131997000591.htm.
35. The Treaty was signed on January 3, 1993, by President
George Bush, Sr., and President Boris Yeltsin. It codified the “Joint
Understanding” arrived at by the two Presidents at the Washington
summit on June 17, 1992. The U.S. Senate gave its advice and
consent to ratification of START II on January 26, 1996. Ratification
of the Treaty in the Russian Duma proved elusive for Yeltsin
in view of the strong opposition of the Russian legislature. See
Eugene Myasnikov, “Problems of START-2 Treaty Ratification in
Russia. Is START-3 Possible?” Nezavisimaya Gazeta, September 12,
1996, in Russian.
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