Russian Nuclear Weapons: Past, Present, and Future

2. Vladimir Dvorkin, “Russia’s Strategic Nuclear Forces after
the USSR: Reforming and Prospects,” in Yuri Fedorov and Bertil
Nygren, eds., Russian Military Reform and Russia’s New Security
Environment, Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish National Defense College,
2003, p. 114..
3. Ibid., p. 115.
4. For a discussion of the problems from a Russian perspective,
see Dale R. Herspring, The Kremlin and the High Command:
Presidential Impact on the Russian Military from Gorbachev to Putin,
Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2006, esp. chap. 3.
5. Yuri Federov, No First Use of Nuclear Weapons, London, UK,
Pugwash Meeting No. 27, November 15-17, 2002, p. 2.
6. “Defense Ministry on Reform Efforts - Budget,” RFE/RL
Daily Report, August 22, 1994.
7. “Conversation without Middlemen,” Moscow TV, September
14, 1995, Foreign Broadcast Information Service Central Eurasia
(FBIS SOV), September 18, 1995.
8. Ibid.
9. For a copy of this doctrine in English, see “The Basic Provisions
of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation,” available
from www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/doctrine/russia-mil-doc.
html.
10. Ibid., p. 3.
11. General Makmut Gareev, Jacob Kipp, ed., If War Comes Tomorrow:
The Contours of Future Armed Conflict, London, UK: Cass,
1998, p. 84.
12. Gottemoeller, in Miller and Trenin, p. 186.
13. Herspring, The Kremlin and the High Command, pp. 79-119.
14. As cited in Michael J. Orr, The Deepest Crisis: The Problem
of the Russian Army Today, Surrey, UK: Conflict Studies Research
Centre, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, October 4, 1996, p. 1.
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