INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGEMENT (IPAC) - BIDS

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Beparis sell, in addition to Choto Mahajans, directly to Boro Mahajans or even Aratdars. For much the same reason, selling prices or price value additions may not appear to be systematic and consistent in all the cases. Following reasons explained in the methodology chapter, in practice, both buying prices (not shown here) and selling prices varied according to various transactions so that average buying prices in combination with average selling prices (tabulated) were used in estimating gross margins and gross returns. Collectors who work for others on wages are not considered to have any working capital. Existing product-specific marketing chains have been identified by developing flow charts with all active market agents, starting from the collector level to the final retailers level (See Annex C). The functions and roles of individual actors in the value chain are outlined in Annex B. The SRF products are collected by collectors who, with a few exceptions, work for others on wages. The collection process and sharing of margins among actors are extremely complex and so is the calculation of costs and returns. Some agents such as Majhis, Farias and Beparis or even Mahajans organize the collection trip. Most of them at least keep involved in the process, some directly and some indirectly. More often, Majhis and Beparis are directly involved in the collection. Consequently, they get a margin for this involvement at the first stage. Then, they get another margin for their investment. Over and above, they get a margin in view of reduced price (compared to market price). Fourth, they get a normal business margin. Price information collected have some additional implications. In practice, after collection of products Mahajans or Beparis, whoever organize the trip, prices are fixed (reduced or bargained or according to exiting market) after deductions of all associated costs such as living expenses, fuel, repairs of boats/nets and other costs of the trip. So, in calculation of returns hidden prices are adjusted through segregating the costs. A total of 12 SRF products have been included in the value chain analysis. We start with golpata. 5.2.1 Golpata Golpata is popularly known as “CI sheet for the poor population” as it is widely used by them in house roofing. Obviously, it has ample social values other than direct economic value. Normally it takes around 32 days to collect one boat of golpata, amounting to approximately Kaons of harvests (I Kaon = 16 Pons, I Pon = 80 pieces of golpata). Average distance from collection points to primary landing estimates as 50 Km. The trip is usually organized with one boat consisting of one Majhi, 8-10 collectors and so on. Our survey shows that, on an average, one boat with more or less 10 collectors carries around 1000 Pon of golpata, which is equivalent to approximately 500-550 maunds of golpata. On this basis, one collector harvests around 104 Pons of golpata. Value Addition Table 5.1 presents value additions, and costs and returns for golpata. Monthly gross returns and net returns have been calculated. Net returns as percentage of working capital have been 92
calculated for each individual actor 76 . Our main concern at this stage is to look into value additions in terms of price. Value additions, defined as prices increased at every stage along value chains, are shown. In other words, this is price escalation at each stage. It can be seen that collectors provide the highest price value addition (49.7%) of the total price, the price being considered from collectors to consumers. Keeping collectors aside, retailers create the highest value addition (13.7%), followed by Choto Mahajans (12.7%), Majhis/Beparis (11.2%). Aratdars (6.1%), wholesalers (5.1%) and the lowest for Boro Mahajans (1.5 %). Table 5.1: Value Addition and return for golpata Actor type Cost and return for golpata per SRF actor Average selling price/Pon Gross Return (month) Cost (mo nth) Net Return (month) Bepari Price Value Addition (%) Av. Volume (Pon) per month Collector 98 49.7 104 (0.6) Majhi/ 120 11.2 641 (3.7) Choto Mahajan Boro Mahajan 145 12.7 1150 (6.6) 148 1.5 4865 (27.7) 10192 (2.9) 14102 (4.1) 28750 (8.3) 136220 (39.4) 364 7 393 8 669 1 463 15 6545 (2.7) 10164 (4.2) 22059 (9.0) 89905 (36.8) Working capital (WC) Net Return as % of WC - - 8333 121.97 97308 22.67 385714 23.31 Aratdar 160 6.1 7184 107760 259 81840 325000 25.18 (40.9) (31.2) 20 (33.5) Wholesaler 170 5.1 2867 28670 864 20021 266667 7.51 (16.3) (8.3) 9 (8.2) Retailer 197 13.7 736 19872 640 13472 106364 12.67 (4.2) (5.8) 0 (5.5) Total - 100.0 17547 345566 - 244006 - - (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) Note: 1 Kaon = 16 Pon, I Pon = 80 pieces. Return on working capital rather than fixed capital has been estimated. As explained in the methodology chapter, in normal situations, average selling prices of one actor should be equal to average buying prices of the next actors in the hierarchy in turn. But some actors sell direct to other actors through bypassing the immediate higher level actor. For much the same reason, selling prices or price value additions may not appear to be systematic and consistent in all the cases. In practice, both buying prices (not shown here) and selling prices varied according to various transactions so that average buying prices in combination with average selling prices (tabulated) were used in estimating gross margins and gross returns. Collectors who work for others on wages are not considered to have any working capital. Figures in parentheses denote column percentages. 76 For detailed methodology, see Chapter 1. Working capital, rather than fixed capital, has been incorporated in the calculation of net returns on investments. 93
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INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGE
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Washington, DC 20036 202-289-0100 F
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money lenders) who were often suspi
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2.1 Profile of SIZ Districts ......
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5.3.6 Shrimp Small (galda and bagda
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Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
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Table 5.20: Distribution of SRF act
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Figure 5.1: Basic structure of SRF
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Figure 5.55: Distribution of income
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ACF = As
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Glossary Arat Aratdar Bahaddar Baza
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In particular, the study is expecte
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Characteristics of SRF Actors and P
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The most difficult problem that had
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GDP and Livelihoods Based on availa
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Occupation Pattern of SRF Collector
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Chapter 4: Mapping for Core Steps a
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Nevertheless, the shrimp fry collec
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Crab Chain: Collector ⇒ Mahajan
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Value addition and return for gura
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Value addition and return for hilsh
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Wholesaler 3.1 26.1 19.3 Retailer 1
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Crab Crab collectors provide the hi
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Distribution of Actors Income - Inc
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Shrimp Large (galda and bagda) The
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Majhis/Beparis (9.5 %), Choto Mahaj
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of value chains, in terms of return
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Service Centers and Financial Suppo
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those leased-out canals. There shou
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Infrastructure of web-cam through o
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Chapter 1: Introduction, Study Back
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Although the resource users are bla
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advocates of conservation in return
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1.4.1 Principal Tools Briefly, the
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Shrimps have been divided into four
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In the process of our consultations
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The value chain framework, which is
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The study carries out micro level a
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an idea about possible market power
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Table 1.4: Usual harvest time of SR
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others, occupational pattern, incom
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Chapter 2: SIZ District and Upazila
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Map 2.2: Map of SIZ Districts: Khul
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Table 2.2: Proportion of SIZ area a
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SIZ 58 55.7 93 44.5 5 25 Districts
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Figure 2.5: Per capita district GDP
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Figure 2.7: SIZ per capita lands by
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CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY
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Satkhira 60 25.3 Pirojpur 11 4.6 Ba
Page 101 and 102: Retailer 107.2 30.2 All 87.5 48.7 F
Page 103 and 104: Like in other harvests, some of the
Page 105 and 106: Aratdars (11.6%) and Farias/Beparis
Page 107 and 108: Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
Page 109 and 110: Hantal 1.0 16.0 1.0 1.0 19.0 All 1.
Page 111 and 112: 8.Unemployed 7.Self-employed 6.Cons
Page 113 and 114: Table 3.19: Repayment mode in SRF t
Page 115 and 116: In spite of the above, dadon is pre
Page 117 and 118: Incidence of pests 8.9 24.9 48.1 7.
Page 119 and 120: • Set up hand-driven tube-well at
Page 121 and 122: 3.5 Historical Moratorium on SRF Pr
Page 123 and 124: Chandpai .15* - 1.62** .16* .17* .1
Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER 4 MAPPING FOR CORE STEPS AN
Page 127 and 128: Table 4.1: Sectors and products und
Page 129 and 130: We start with timber 4.3.1 Timber -
Page 131 and 132: 4.3.3 Fish The fish sector consists
Page 134 and 135: Shrimp (Galda and Bagda) Chain 1: F
Page 136 and 137: Flow chart 4.8: Value chain for Cra
Page 138 and 139: Average number of boats involved in
Page 140 and 141: ola Khulna 1019 200 58 31 10 2 12 1
Page 142 and 143: year. On the assumption that one ac
Page 144 and 145: 600 569 000 no. 500 400 300 200 225
Page 146 and 147: Table 4.11: Proportions of SRF prod
Page 148 and 149: Figure 4.7: Volume of products (%)
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 5: Value Chain Analysis for
Page 154 and 155: Volume of trade The price value add
Page 156 and 157: 5.2.2 Gura Fish As large network of
Page 158 and 159: 140 Gura fish selling price (Tk per
Page 160 and 161: A specific group of people having g
Page 162 and 163: Sada fish gross return (monthly) by
Page 164 and 165: Net/boat owners are actually Mahaja
Page 166 and 167: Figure 5.17: Hilsha gross return (T
Page 168 and 169: Gross returns and net returns Aratd
Page 170 and 171: Figure 5.23: Shrimp galda large net
Page 172 and 173: Figure 5.25: Shrimp bagda large sel
Page 174 and 175: Table 5.7: Value addition and retur
Page 176 and 177: Figure 5.31: Shrimp galda small net
Page 178 and 179: Figure 5.36: Shrimp bagda small val
Page 180 and 181: Average selling Price/piece Price V
Page 182 and 183: Figure 5.40: Shrimp fry galda value
Page 184 and 185: Shrimp fry bagda value addition (%)
Page 186 and 187: Crab gross return (monthly) by acto
Page 188 and 189: Note: See note under Table 5.1. (10
Page 190 and 191: Honey net return (monthly) by actor
Page 192 and 193: The degree of inequality is quite h
Page 194 and 195: Cumulative income share (%) 100 80
Page 196 and 197: Figure 5.59: Lorenz curve: Gura fis
Page 198 and 199: Decile 8 14.6 Decile 9 17.9 Decile
Page 200 and 201: Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
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Actors Monthly income Duration (Mon
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Table 5.24: Annual income level of
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Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
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anking actors, it can be seen that
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In terms of distribution by deciles
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Table 5.32: Annual income level of
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Decile 3 2.9 Decile 4 3.9 Decile 5
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PO
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actors community). Our survey findi
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The foremost policy, therefore, wil
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nets” to the collectors, along wi
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empowerment, awareness and overall
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of co-management. That co-managemen
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SRF collectors as a major problem o
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the problem as very high is more th
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Bernacsek, G. and E. Haque (2001).
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Kleih Ulrich (2003). “Fish Distri
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INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGEMENT (IPAC) - BIDS

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