INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGEMENT (IPAC) - BIDS

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1.4.1 Principal Tools Briefly, the methodology includes the following principal tools: • The study carries out structured questionnaire survey apart from adopting standard PRA tools and approaches (e.g., FGD, key-informant interviews, community survey, consultations, and case studies). • Spatial sampling is adopted to assist in estimating the numbers of resource collectors and actors involved in extracting from the Sundarbans. The principal stages implemented by the team include the following: 1.4.2 Analytical Framework of the Study The survey area The periphery of the SRF includes the legally declared “Ecologically Critical Area” assumed to be within a 20 km band surrounding the SRF 29 . This is what can be called the Sundarbans Impact Zone (SIZ) 30 in the context of the modalities of the livelihood interventions and support for environmental conservation, which is the present study area. The SIZ vis-à-vis the study area comprises 5 districts, 10 upazilas, 151 unions/wards and 1,302 villages, which are presented in Table 1.1. Table 1.1: Sundarbans Impact Zone Areas District UZ No. of Unions/Wards No. of villages Bagerhat Sadar, Mongla, Morrelganj, Sarankhola 65 486 Khulna Dacope, Koyra, Paikgacha 37 440 Satkhira Shymnagar 13 216 Pirojpur Matbaria 20 94 Barguna Patharghata 16 66 ALL (5 Dist) 10 (UZ) 151 1302 Source: <strong>BIDS</strong>-<strong>IPAC</strong> VC Analysis Study-Reconnaissance Survey, 2010. In addition to the above upazila locations, the district towns including Khulna City Corporation (KCC) are included to comprise the study locations. This is because the SRF marketing channels and destinations thereof end up with areas away from the Sundarbans, in nearby urban centers in many cases. In other words, the survey locations have covered huge areas which are widely spread. The study aims to understand the value and flow of the following categories of SRF products: timber; non timber forest products; fish, aquatic, non-aquatic resources and other products. The study excludes the value chain for service-oriented intangible product - ecotourism, as it is being 29 Sen, Soham G. (2010). “Conservation of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh through Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture,” Nishorgo Project, Department of Forestry,Bangladesh. 30 However, only recently published Strategic Management Plan for the Sundarbans Reserved Forest (March 2010) defined SIZ as comprising 17 UZs. 8
examined elsewhere and is of a nature and organization that is considerably different from the other tangible value chains identified. Sectors and products coverage The following major SRF sectors and products 31 are under the purview of the present study: Timber: 1. Sundri 2. Passur 3. Kankra 4. Gewa NonTimber 1. Goran 2. Golpata/Grass (Shon) Fish: 1. Gura (small) fish 2. Sada(white) large fish 3. Hilsha 4. Shrimp large (galda) 5. Shrimp large (bagda) 6 Shrimp gura (galda) 7 Shrimp gura (bagda) 8. Shrimp fry (galda) 9. Shrimp fry (bagda) Aquatic Resources 1. Crab 2. Mollusc/Shell/Oyster Non-Aquatic Resources 1. Honey Other Products 1. Medicinal plants 2. Fuel wood 3. Bee wax 4. Hantal It needs to be mentioned here that not all the products listed above will be within the scope of this brief study, which is aimed at focusing on value chain analysis (VCA). For example, the products under “Other Products” will not be included in the current VCA. However, the type of associated actors and flows of all the products under the above list are contemplated. In the case of multi-products dealing with by a single actor, the dominant product is considered. 31 There has been a ban on sundri for a long time; goran is also banned since cyclone Sidr. One sample of sundri (illegal) and 6 samples of goran (legal but as by-product) have been included in this study to identify marketing chains and other aspects of extraction other than detailed costs and returns. 9
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INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGE
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Washington, DC 20036 202-289-0100 F
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money lenders) who were often suspi
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2.1 Profile of SIZ Districts ......
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5.3.6 Shrimp Small (galda and bagda
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Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
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Table 5.20: Distribution of SRF act
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Figure 5.1: Basic structure of SRF
Page 18 and 19: Figure 5.55: Distribution of income
Page 20 and 21: Acronyms and Abbreviations ACF = As
Page 22 and 23: Glossary Arat Aratdar Bahaddar Baza
Page 24 and 25: In particular, the study is expecte
Page 26 and 27: Characteristics of SRF Actors and P
Page 28 and 29: The most difficult problem that had
Page 30 and 31: GDP and Livelihoods Based on availa
Page 32 and 33: Occupation Pattern of SRF Collector
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 4: Mapping for Core Steps a
Page 36 and 37: Nevertheless, the shrimp fry collec
Page 38 and 39: Crab Chain: Collector ⇒ Mahajan
Page 40 and 41: Value addition and return for gura
Page 42 and 43: Value addition and return for hilsh
Page 44 and 45: Wholesaler 3.1 26.1 19.3 Retailer 1
Page 46 and 47: Crab Crab collectors provide the hi
Page 48 and 49: Distribution of Actors Income - Inc
Page 50 and 51: Shrimp Large (galda and bagda) The
Page 52 and 53: Majhis/Beparis (9.5 %), Choto Mahaj
Page 54 and 55: of value chains, in terms of return
Page 56 and 57: Service Centers and Financial Suppo
Page 58 and 59: those leased-out canals. There shou
Page 60 and 61: Infrastructure of web-cam through o
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 1: Introduction, Study Back
Page 64 and 65: Although the resource users are bla
Page 66 and 67: advocates of conservation in return
Page 70 and 71: Shrimps have been divided into four
Page 72 and 73: In the process of our consultations
Page 74 and 75: The value chain framework, which is
Page 76 and 77: The study carries out micro level a
Page 78 and 79: an idea about possible market power
Page 80 and 81: Table 1.4: Usual harvest time of SR
Page 82 and 83: others, occupational pattern, incom
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 2: SIZ District and Upazila
Page 86: Map 2.2: Map of SIZ Districts: Khul
Page 89 and 90: Table 2.2: Proportion of SIZ area a
Page 91 and 92: SIZ 58 55.7 93 44.5 5 25 Districts
Page 93 and 94: Figure 2.5: Per capita district GDP
Page 95 and 96: Figure 2.7: SIZ per capita lands by
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY
Page 99 and 100: Satkhira 60 25.3 Pirojpur 11 4.6 Ba
Page 101 and 102: Retailer 107.2 30.2 All 87.5 48.7 F
Page 103 and 104: Like in other harvests, some of the
Page 105 and 106: Aratdars (11.6%) and Farias/Beparis
Page 107 and 108: Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
Page 109 and 110: Hantal 1.0 16.0 1.0 1.0 19.0 All 1.
Page 111 and 112: 8.Unemployed 7.Self-employed 6.Cons
Page 113 and 114: Table 3.19: Repayment mode in SRF t
Page 115 and 116: In spite of the above, dadon is pre
Page 117 and 118: Incidence of pests 8.9 24.9 48.1 7.
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• Set up hand-driven tube-well at
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3.5 Historical Moratorium on SRF Pr
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Chandpai .15* - 1.62** .16* .17* .1
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CHAPTER 4 MAPPING FOR CORE STEPS AN
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Table 4.1: Sectors and products und
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We start with timber 4.3.1 Timber -
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4.3.3 Fish The fish sector consists
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Shrimp (Galda and Bagda) Chain 1: F
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Flow chart 4.8: Value chain for Cra
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Average number of boats involved in
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ola Khulna 1019 200 58 31 10 2 12 1
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year. On the assumption that one ac
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600 569 000 no. 500 400 300 200 225
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Table 4.11: Proportions of SRF prod
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Figure 4.7: Volume of products (%)
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Chapter 5: Value Chain Analysis for
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Beparis sell, in addition to Choto
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Volume of trade The price value add
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5.2.2 Gura Fish As large network of
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140 Gura fish selling price (Tk per
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A specific group of people having g
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Sada fish gross return (monthly) by
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Net/boat owners are actually Mahaja
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Figure 5.17: Hilsha gross return (T
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Gross returns and net returns Aratd
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Figure 5.23: Shrimp galda large net
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Figure 5.25: Shrimp bagda large sel
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Table 5.7: Value addition and retur
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Figure 5.31: Shrimp galda small net
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Figure 5.36: Shrimp bagda small val
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Average selling Price/piece Price V
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Figure 5.40: Shrimp fry galda value
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Shrimp fry bagda value addition (%)
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Crab gross return (monthly) by acto
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Note: See note under Table 5.1. (10
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Honey net return (monthly) by actor
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The degree of inequality is quite h
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Cumulative income share (%) 100 80
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Figure 5.59: Lorenz curve: Gura fis
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Decile 8 14.6 Decile 9 17.9 Decile
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Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
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Actors Monthly income Duration (Mon
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Table 5.24: Annual income level of
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Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
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anking actors, it can be seen that
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In terms of distribution by deciles
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Table 5.32: Annual income level of
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Decile 3 2.9 Decile 4 3.9 Decile 5
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PO
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actors community). Our survey findi
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The foremost policy, therefore, wil
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nets” to the collectors, along wi
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empowerment, awareness and overall
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of co-management. That co-managemen
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SRF collectors as a major problem o
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the problem as very high is more th
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Bernacsek, G. and E. Haque (2001).
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Kleih Ulrich (2003). “Fish Distri
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