INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGEMENT (IPAC) - BIDS

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In particular, the study is expected to contribute to revision of the Integrated Resources Management Plan (IRMP, 1998-10) of the Sundarbans Reserved Forest, the preparation of which is in progress. The study will use the framework and language of the value chain analysis. The “VC approach” is also expected to enhance understanding of the constraints and the relationships among actors at each step of the chains, and associated product transformation. The study is expected to identify interventions that can improve the overall total value generated along the chains. Methodology Briefly, the methodology includes the following principal tools: • The study carries out structured questionnaire survey apart from adopting standard PRA tools and approaches (e.g., FGD, key-informant interviews, community survey, consultations, and case studies. • Spatial sampling is adopted to assist in estimating the number of resource collectors and actors involved in extracting from the Sundarbans. The principal stages implemented by the team include the following: Analytical Framework of the Study The survey area The periphery of the SRF includes the legally declared “Ecologically Critical Area” assumed to be within a 20 km band surrounding the SRF 2 . This is what can be called the Sundarbans Impact Zone (SIZ) 3 . The SIZ vis-à-vis the study area comprises 5 districts, 10 upazilas, 151 unions/wards and 1,302 villages, which are as follows. Sundarbans Impact Zone Areas District UZ No. of Unions/Wards No. of villages Bagerhat Sadar, Mongla, Morrelganj, 65 486 Sarankhola Khulna Dacope, Koyra, Paikgacha 37 440 Satkhira Shymnagar 13 216 Pirojpur Mathbaria 20 94 Barguna Patharghata 16 66 ALL (5 Dist) 10 (UZ) 151 1,302 Sectors and products coverage The SRF products are broadly divided into five major categories: timber, non-timber, fish, aquatic, and non-aquatic resources. The timber category consists of sundri and other trees, followed by non-timbers consisting of goran, golpata, grass and hantal, fish consisting of gura fish, sada (large) fish, hilsha, shrimp, and shrimp fry, aquatic resources consisting of crab and mollusc, and non-aquatic resources consisting of honey. However, for not all the items 2 Sen, Soham G. (2010). “Conservation of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh through Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture,” Nishorgo Project, Department of Forestry, Bangladesh. 3 However, the only recently published Strategic Management Plan for the Sundarbans Reserved Forest (March 2010) defined SIZ as comprising 17 UZs. xx
investigations have been carried out in details. Of these, for various reasons, the products such as sundri or goran (banned items), grass, hantal, shutki and mollusc (small sample size) have not been covered for detail level analysis in this report. However, the type of associated actors and flow chains of the above product list are contemplated. Concentration Areas and Sampling The study has identified 159 markets, 138 primary centers (landing places) and 21 secondary markets across 5 districts and 10 upazilas for the SRF products. These primary landing places for various SRF products are our sampling units. Appropriate sampling procedure i.e., systematic random sampling method is adopted. In other words, the sampling was adopted considering the following criteria: (1) 5 districts (2) 10 upazilas (3) 5 district towns (4) 45 Primary markets (Landing places) (5) 12 SRF products and (6) 7 Actors. All efforts were taken to make the sampling as representative as possible. The ultimate sample size was 237. A total of 47 FGDs was conducted across upazilas and activities. The sampling method was sort of constrained because of, among others, seasonality characteristic of the activities concerned. Mapping of Actors and Flows The following steps are involved in the present analyses: - Mapping for core steps in a value chain - Mapping for actors - Mapping for number of actors and jobs - Mapping for volume of products - Mapping for geographical flows, and finally - Mapping for the values at different levels of the value chain. Thus, apart from value chain analysis, this study entails value chain analysis in its simplest meaning in that the activities centered around SRF products are assessed in terms of value added starting from resource collectors to ultimate consumers. Focus is given, however, on social relationships among actors involved across supply value chain. For simplicity, the study assumes no export activities in the process. In other words, only indigenous and local actors are under the purview of the present investigation. The basic structure of marketing chains for SRF products is shown in following Figure. However, the actual marketing chains are found to follow multi-dimensional patterns (Annexes B, C). As mentioned earlier, the theme of the present study is to map the monetary value throughout the chain. In other words, our ultimate output would look like something involving the following steps: A simplified and typical SRF marketing system and value chain of the actors (% of retail price) Collector Faria/Bepari Choto Boro Aratdar Wholesaler Mahajan Mahajan Retailer VA = ? C = ? M = ? VA = ? C = ? M = ? VA = ? C = ? M = ? VA = ? C = ? M = ? VA = ? C = ? M = ? VA = ? C = ? M = ? VA = ? C = ? M = ? VA = Value addition; C = costs; M = Margin = VA - C xxi
Page 1 and 2: INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGE
Page 3: Washington, DC 20036 202-289-0100 F
Page 6 and 7: money lenders) who were often suspi
Page 8 and 9: 2.1 Profile of SIZ Districts ......
Page 10 and 11: 5.3.6 Shrimp Small (galda and bagda
Page 12 and 13: Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
Page 14 and 15: Table 5.20: Distribution of SRF act
Page 16 and 17: Figure 5.1: Basic structure of SRF
Page 18 and 19: Figure 5.55: Distribution of income
Page 20 and 21: Acronyms and Abbreviations ACF = As
Page 22 and 23: Glossary Arat Aratdar Bahaddar Baza
Page 26 and 27: Characteristics of SRF Actors and P
Page 28 and 29: The most difficult problem that had
Page 30 and 31: GDP and Livelihoods Based on availa
Page 32 and 33: Occupation Pattern of SRF Collector
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 4: Mapping for Core Steps a
Page 36 and 37: Nevertheless, the shrimp fry collec
Page 38 and 39: Crab Chain: Collector ⇒ Mahajan
Page 40 and 41: Value addition and return for gura
Page 42 and 43: Value addition and return for hilsh
Page 44 and 45: Wholesaler 3.1 26.1 19.3 Retailer 1
Page 46 and 47: Crab Crab collectors provide the hi
Page 48 and 49: Distribution of Actors Income - Inc
Page 50 and 51: Shrimp Large (galda and bagda) The
Page 52 and 53: Majhis/Beparis (9.5 %), Choto Mahaj
Page 54 and 55: of value chains, in terms of return
Page 56 and 57: Service Centers and Financial Suppo
Page 58 and 59: those leased-out canals. There shou
Page 60 and 61: Infrastructure of web-cam through o
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 1: Introduction, Study Back
Page 64 and 65: Although the resource users are bla
Page 66 and 67: advocates of conservation in return
Page 68 and 69: 1.4.1 Principal Tools Briefly, the
Page 70 and 71: Shrimps have been divided into four
Page 72 and 73: In the process of our consultations
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The value chain framework, which is
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The study carries out micro level a
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an idea about possible market power
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Table 1.4: Usual harvest time of SR
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others, occupational pattern, incom
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Chapter 2: SIZ District and Upazila
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Map 2.2: Map of SIZ Districts: Khul
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Table 2.2: Proportion of SIZ area a
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SIZ 58 55.7 93 44.5 5 25 Districts
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Figure 2.5: Per capita district GDP
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Figure 2.7: SIZ per capita lands by
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CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY
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Satkhira 60 25.3 Pirojpur 11 4.6 Ba
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Retailer 107.2 30.2 All 87.5 48.7 F
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Like in other harvests, some of the
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Aratdars (11.6%) and Farias/Beparis
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Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
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Hantal 1.0 16.0 1.0 1.0 19.0 All 1.
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8.Unemployed 7.Self-employed 6.Cons
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Table 3.19: Repayment mode in SRF t
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In spite of the above, dadon is pre
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Incidence of pests 8.9 24.9 48.1 7.
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• Set up hand-driven tube-well at
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3.5 Historical Moratorium on SRF Pr
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Chandpai .15* - 1.62** .16* .17* .1
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CHAPTER 4 MAPPING FOR CORE STEPS AN
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Table 4.1: Sectors and products und
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We start with timber 4.3.1 Timber -
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4.3.3 Fish The fish sector consists
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Shrimp (Galda and Bagda) Chain 1: F
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Flow chart 4.8: Value chain for Cra
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Average number of boats involved in
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ola Khulna 1019 200 58 31 10 2 12 1
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year. On the assumption that one ac
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600 569 000 no. 500 400 300 200 225
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Table 4.11: Proportions of SRF prod
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Figure 4.7: Volume of products (%)
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Chapter 5: Value Chain Analysis for
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Beparis sell, in addition to Choto
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Volume of trade The price value add
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5.2.2 Gura Fish As large network of
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140 Gura fish selling price (Tk per
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A specific group of people having g
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Sada fish gross return (monthly) by
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Net/boat owners are actually Mahaja
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Figure 5.17: Hilsha gross return (T
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Gross returns and net returns Aratd
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Figure 5.23: Shrimp galda large net
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Figure 5.25: Shrimp bagda large sel
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Table 5.7: Value addition and retur
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Figure 5.31: Shrimp galda small net
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Figure 5.36: Shrimp bagda small val
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Average selling Price/piece Price V
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Figure 5.40: Shrimp fry galda value
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Shrimp fry bagda value addition (%)
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Crab gross return (monthly) by acto
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Note: See note under Table 5.1. (10
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Honey net return (monthly) by actor
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The degree of inequality is quite h
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Cumulative income share (%) 100 80
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Figure 5.59: Lorenz curve: Gura fis
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Decile 8 14.6 Decile 9 17.9 Decile
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Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
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Actors Monthly income Duration (Mon
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Table 5.24: Annual income level of
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Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
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anking actors, it can be seen that
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In terms of distribution by deciles
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Table 5.32: Annual income level of
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Decile 3 2.9 Decile 4 3.9 Decile 5
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PO
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actors community). Our survey findi
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The foremost policy, therefore, wil
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nets” to the collectors, along wi
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empowerment, awareness and overall
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of co-management. That co-managemen
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SRF collectors as a major problem o
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the problem as very high is more th
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Bernacsek, G. and E. Haque (2001).
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Kleih Ulrich (2003). “Fish Distri
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INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGEMENT (IPAC) - BIDS

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