INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGEMENT (IPAC) - BIDS

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highest cropping intensity (171%), followed by Satkhira (156%), Barguna (151%) and lowest in Bagerhat (107%) (Table 2.7). The SIZ agriculture (irrigated) is still far underdeveloped as only 29 percent (approximately) of the SIZ agricultural land came under irrigation as against more than 50 percent in non-SIZ region (not shown in Table 2.7). Table 2.7: SIZ livelihoods: selected indicators Districts Landle ss Agri- Labor (%) Pre capita land (Ha) Per capita ag. land (Ha) Fisher men (%) One crop land Two crop land Three crop land Croppin g intensity (%) Bagerhat 49.3 36 0.24 0.09 12 95 3 2 107 Khulna 49.0 40 0.16 0.05 40 NA NA NA - Satkhira 47.3 31 0.18 0.07 31 50 28 - 156 Pirojpur 53.2 32 0.11 0.09 32 36 57 7 171 Barguna 49.0 32 0.20 0.11 38 56 37 7 151 SIZ 49.1 33 0.08 30 59 30 5 134 Districts 0.18 Coastal 53.5 33 0.06 0.06 14 NA NA NA - Zone Bangladesh 52.6 36 0.10 0.07 8 31 42 13 154 Source: BBS (2003); ICZMP (2004); BBS (2009); District Series (WARPO) (2005); DAE (2009). Figure 2.6: SIZ livelihoods by district SIZ Livelihoods by District Landless Agri-Labour Fisherman 53.2 53.5 52.6 49.3 49 47.3 49 49.1 36 40 40 38 31 32 32 33 33 31 32 30 36 12 14 8 Bagerhat Khulna Satkhira Pirojpur Barguna SIZ Districts Coastal Zone Bangladesh 34
Figure 2.7: SIZ per capita lands by district PC land PCAgri. Land 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0.24 0.09 0.16 0.05 0.18 0.07 0.11 0.09 0.2 0.11 0.18 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.1 0.07 0 Bagerhat Khulna Satkhira Pirojpur Barguna SIZ Districts Coastal Zone Bdesh Source: BBS (2003); ICZMP (2004); BBS (2009); District Series (WARPO) (2005); DAE (2009) In spite of that, the principal sources of livelihood are agriculture and SRF extraction activities. Per capita land is estimated as 0.18 hectare while that for agricultural land is 0.08 hectare compared to national average of 0.07. With respect to landlessness, however, the position of SIZ districts is not too bad (49.1%), compared to costal zone (53.5%) and Bangladesh as a whole (52.6%) (List of NGOs operating in upazila locations is presented in Annex Table A2.1). In the urbanized areas of the SIZ districts such as Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira, the scope of employment generation in industry and services is a little higher. In the offshore island a large number of people are dependent for their livelihood on natural resources. 2.1.6 Poverty Situation in SIZ It is generally believed that the SIZ populations are suffering from marginalization and inequality in income. Poverty status can be considered as a proxy to extent of marginalization. Head Count Ratios (HCR) for the SIZ districts and upazilas are presented in Table 2.8. A comparative analysis is shown of the SIZ areas with those of non-SIZ areas, which shows a dismal picture. The extreme poverty levels of SIZ districts and upazilas are at a considerably higher level in almost of all the districts and upazilas, compared to respective non-SIZ areas. Although the coastal zone, as a whole, and SIZ, in particular, is endowed with natural resources and environment resources the SIZ upazilas have a much higher extreme poverty rates (0.42) compared to non-SIZ upazilas in Bangladesh (0.26) 50 . Thus, the poverty situations in the SIZ appear to be extremely severe, which have immense policy implications. The HCR for SIZ Bagerhat is estimated as 0.43 as compared with 0.24 for non-SIZ upazilas of Bagerhat, followed by SIZ Khulna (0.41) and non-SIZ Khulna (0.32), SIZ Satkhira (0.65) and non-SIZ Satkhira (0.45). The only exception is for Barguna (SIZ – 0.36 and non-SIZ -0.43). For Pirojpur, the HCR is almost identical (SIZ – 0.18 and non-SIZ – 0.19). Hence, among the upazilas, the estimated HCRs are relatively higher for Shymnagar (0.65), Dacope (0.60) Morrelganj (0.50), Sarankhola (0.49) and Mongla (0.42). Relatively less worse situation prevails 50 Based on Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) method, the present study made the estimates incorporating BBS-2005 data that are yet to be published. 35
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INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGE
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Washington, DC 20036 202-289-0100 F
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money lenders) who were often suspi
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2.1 Profile of SIZ Districts ......
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5.3.6 Shrimp Small (galda and bagda
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Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
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Table 5.20: Distribution of SRF act
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Figure 5.1: Basic structure of SRF
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Figure 5.55: Distribution of income
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ACF = As
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Glossary Arat Aratdar Bahaddar Baza
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In particular, the study is expecte
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Characteristics of SRF Actors and P
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The most difficult problem that had
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GDP and Livelihoods Based on availa
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Occupation Pattern of SRF Collector
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Chapter 4: Mapping for Core Steps a
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Nevertheless, the shrimp fry collec
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Crab Chain: Collector ⇒ Mahajan
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Value addition and return for gura
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Value addition and return for hilsh
Page 44 and 45: Wholesaler 3.1 26.1 19.3 Retailer 1
Page 46 and 47: Crab Crab collectors provide the hi
Page 48 and 49: Distribution of Actors Income - Inc
Page 50 and 51: Shrimp Large (galda and bagda) The
Page 52 and 53: Majhis/Beparis (9.5 %), Choto Mahaj
Page 54 and 55: of value chains, in terms of return
Page 56 and 57: Service Centers and Financial Suppo
Page 58 and 59: those leased-out canals. There shou
Page 60 and 61: Infrastructure of web-cam through o
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 1: Introduction, Study Back
Page 64 and 65: Although the resource users are bla
Page 66 and 67: advocates of conservation in return
Page 68 and 69: 1.4.1 Principal Tools Briefly, the
Page 70 and 71: Shrimps have been divided into four
Page 72 and 73: In the process of our consultations
Page 74 and 75: The value chain framework, which is
Page 76 and 77: The study carries out micro level a
Page 78 and 79: an idea about possible market power
Page 80 and 81: Table 1.4: Usual harvest time of SR
Page 82 and 83: others, occupational pattern, incom
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 2: SIZ District and Upazila
Page 86: Map 2.2: Map of SIZ Districts: Khul
Page 89 and 90: Table 2.2: Proportion of SIZ area a
Page 91 and 92: SIZ 58 55.7 93 44.5 5 25 Districts
Page 93: Figure 2.5: Per capita district GDP
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY
Page 99 and 100: Satkhira 60 25.3 Pirojpur 11 4.6 Ba
Page 101 and 102: Retailer 107.2 30.2 All 87.5 48.7 F
Page 103 and 104: Like in other harvests, some of the
Page 105 and 106: Aratdars (11.6%) and Farias/Beparis
Page 107 and 108: Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
Page 109 and 110: Hantal 1.0 16.0 1.0 1.0 19.0 All 1.
Page 111 and 112: 8.Unemployed 7.Self-employed 6.Cons
Page 113 and 114: Table 3.19: Repayment mode in SRF t
Page 115 and 116: In spite of the above, dadon is pre
Page 117 and 118: Incidence of pests 8.9 24.9 48.1 7.
Page 119 and 120: • Set up hand-driven tube-well at
Page 121 and 122: 3.5 Historical Moratorium on SRF Pr
Page 123 and 124: Chandpai .15* - 1.62** .16* .17* .1
Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER 4 MAPPING FOR CORE STEPS AN
Page 127 and 128: Table 4.1: Sectors and products und
Page 129 and 130: We start with timber 4.3.1 Timber -
Page 131 and 132: 4.3.3 Fish The fish sector consists
Page 134 and 135: Shrimp (Galda and Bagda) Chain 1: F
Page 136 and 137: Flow chart 4.8: Value chain for Cra
Page 138 and 139: Average number of boats involved in
Page 140 and 141: ola Khulna 1019 200 58 31 10 2 12 1
Page 142 and 143: year. On the assumption that one ac
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600 569 000 no. 500 400 300 200 225
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Table 4.11: Proportions of SRF prod
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Figure 4.7: Volume of products (%)
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Chapter 5: Value Chain Analysis for
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Beparis sell, in addition to Choto
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Volume of trade The price value add
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5.2.2 Gura Fish As large network of
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140 Gura fish selling price (Tk per
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A specific group of people having g
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Sada fish gross return (monthly) by
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Net/boat owners are actually Mahaja
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Figure 5.17: Hilsha gross return (T
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Gross returns and net returns Aratd
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Figure 5.23: Shrimp galda large net
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Figure 5.25: Shrimp bagda large sel
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Table 5.7: Value addition and retur
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Figure 5.31: Shrimp galda small net
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Figure 5.36: Shrimp bagda small val
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Average selling Price/piece Price V
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Figure 5.40: Shrimp fry galda value
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Shrimp fry bagda value addition (%)
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Crab gross return (monthly) by acto
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Note: See note under Table 5.1. (10
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Honey net return (monthly) by actor
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The degree of inequality is quite h
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Cumulative income share (%) 100 80
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Figure 5.59: Lorenz curve: Gura fis
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Decile 8 14.6 Decile 9 17.9 Decile
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Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
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Actors Monthly income Duration (Mon
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Table 5.24: Annual income level of
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Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
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anking actors, it can be seen that
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In terms of distribution by deciles
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Table 5.32: Annual income level of
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Decile 3 2.9 Decile 4 3.9 Decile 5
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PO
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actors community). Our survey findi
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The foremost policy, therefore, wil
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nets” to the collectors, along wi
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empowerment, awareness and overall
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of co-management. That co-managemen
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SRF collectors as a major problem o
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the problem as very high is more th
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Bernacsek, G. and E. Haque (2001).
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Kleih Ulrich (2003). “Fish Distri
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