INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGEMENT (IPAC) - BIDS

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Crab gross return (monthly) by actors Wholesaler 117.6 Aratddar 181.416 Baro Mahajan 117.44 Choto Mahajan 86.64 Majhi/Bepari Callector 18.85 36.108 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Figure 5.47: Crab net return (monthly) by actors (000 Tk) Crab net return (monthly) by actors Wholesaler Aratdar Boro Mahajan Choto Mahajan Majhi/Bepari Collector 12.13 18.859 36.123 64.034 80.1 86.262 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Figure 5.48: Crab value addition (%) by actors Crab value addition (%) by actors Aratdar 8% Wholesaler 3% Boro Mahajan 7% Choto Mahajan 14% Collector 50% Majhi/Bepari 18% 126
5.2.10 Honey The collection of honey in the Sundarbans is one of the major seasonal activities. Honey is extracted from plants such as Khalsi, Goran, Bain, Gewa and Keora. The normal collection season for honey is May to June although some are also produced during the months of March and April. The Forest Department (FD) issues permits to groups of six to eight members for one month. Permit holders are allowed to access only the Buffer Zone of Sundarbans Tiger Reserve 79 . Majhis or boatmen, responsible for the whole management, carry honey every week to Mahajans through collection from harvesters. The honey collectors are widely known as Mawalis. Mahajans, as usual, act as financiers and lend money (in the form of dadons) to collectors., either on interest or sharing a profit or selling at reduced prices. Sometimes, Majhis also play the role of Mahajans in similar terms. At times, people form groups to themselves arrange trip for honey collection. Consequently, some collectors recently started employing working capitals of their own which they procure, reportedly, from personal source or cooperatives formed by NGOs 80 . Average monthly cost of food and others for the Mamalis in each trip is around Tk 40-60 thousand. Our survey shows that, on an average, one boat with more or less 6-8 collectors harvests around 12-14 maunds of honey in a month. Value Addition Table 5.12 presents costs and returns for honey. Value addition in terms of price shows that collectors as usual provide the highest price value addition, about three-fifths (60.0%) of the total price. Keeping collectors aside, retailers create the next highest value addition (16.7%), followed by Majhis/Beparis (12.0%), Boro Mahajans (6.7%), wholesalers (3.3%) and Choto Mahajans (1.3%). No Aratdars exist in honey value chain but most usually wholesalers act as Aratdars. Table 5.12: Value addition and return for honey Cost and return for honey Actor type Average Price Av. Volume G. Return Cost selling Value (Kg) per (Tk/month) (Tk/month) price/Kg Addition month (%) Collector 180 60.0 68 12240 (1.1) (9.6) Faria/ 216 12.0 462 16632 Majhi (7.3) (13.1) Choto 220 1.3 550 22000 Mahajan (8.7) (17.9) Boro 240 6.7 1600 32000 Mahajan (25.3) (25.1) Wholesale 250 3.3 3440 34400 r (54.4) (27.0) Retailer 300 16.7 200 10000 (3.2) (7.9) Net Return (Tk/month) Working capital Net Return as % of WC 5875 6365 (6.7) 5333 119.35 2587 14045 21667 64.82 (12.9) 5180 16820 57500 29.25 (17.8) 7120 24880 200000 12.44 (26.3) 7568 26832 300000 8.94 (28.4) 2600 7400 40000 18.50 (7.8) Total - 100.0 6320 127272 - 96342 - - 79 For West Bengal part of SRF, the honey collectors are required to sell the entire quantity of collected honey and wax to the forest department at a price prescribed by the latter (Sen 1995). 80 Some local NGOs (e.g., CCEC), reportedly, offer loans to Mawalis through formation of informal cooperatives. 127
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INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGE
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Washington, DC 20036 202-289-0100 F
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money lenders) who were often suspi
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2.1 Profile of SIZ Districts ......
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5.3.6 Shrimp Small (galda and bagda
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Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
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Table 5.20: Distribution of SRF act
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Figure 5.1: Basic structure of SRF
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Figure 5.55: Distribution of income
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ACF = As
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Glossary Arat Aratdar Bahaddar Baza
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In particular, the study is expecte
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Characteristics of SRF Actors and P
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The most difficult problem that had
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GDP and Livelihoods Based on availa
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Occupation Pattern of SRF Collector
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Chapter 4: Mapping for Core Steps a
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Nevertheless, the shrimp fry collec
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Crab Chain: Collector ⇒ Mahajan
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Value addition and return for gura
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Value addition and return for hilsh
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Wholesaler 3.1 26.1 19.3 Retailer 1
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Crab Crab collectors provide the hi
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Distribution of Actors Income - Inc
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Shrimp Large (galda and bagda) The
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Majhis/Beparis (9.5 %), Choto Mahaj
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of value chains, in terms of return
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Service Centers and Financial Suppo
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those leased-out canals. There shou
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Infrastructure of web-cam through o
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Chapter 1: Introduction, Study Back
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Although the resource users are bla
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advocates of conservation in return
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1.4.1 Principal Tools Briefly, the
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Shrimps have been divided into four
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In the process of our consultations
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The value chain framework, which is
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The study carries out micro level a
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an idea about possible market power
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Table 1.4: Usual harvest time of SR
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others, occupational pattern, incom
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Chapter 2: SIZ District and Upazila
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Map 2.2: Map of SIZ Districts: Khul
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Table 2.2: Proportion of SIZ area a
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SIZ 58 55.7 93 44.5 5 25 Districts
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Figure 2.5: Per capita district GDP
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Figure 2.7: SIZ per capita lands by
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CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY
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Satkhira 60 25.3 Pirojpur 11 4.6 Ba
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Retailer 107.2 30.2 All 87.5 48.7 F
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Like in other harvests, some of the
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Aratdars (11.6%) and Farias/Beparis
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Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
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Hantal 1.0 16.0 1.0 1.0 19.0 All 1.
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8.Unemployed 7.Self-employed 6.Cons
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Table 3.19: Repayment mode in SRF t
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In spite of the above, dadon is pre
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Incidence of pests 8.9 24.9 48.1 7.
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• Set up hand-driven tube-well at
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3.5 Historical Moratorium on SRF Pr
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Chandpai .15* - 1.62** .16* .17* .1
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CHAPTER 4 MAPPING FOR CORE STEPS AN
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Table 4.1: Sectors and products und
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We start with timber 4.3.1 Timber -
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4.3.3 Fish The fish sector consists
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Shrimp (Galda and Bagda) Chain 1: F
Page 136 and 137: Flow chart 4.8: Value chain for Cra
Page 138 and 139: Average number of boats involved in
Page 140 and 141: ola Khulna 1019 200 58 31 10 2 12 1
Page 142 and 143: year. On the assumption that one ac
Page 144 and 145: 600 569 000 no. 500 400 300 200 225
Page 146 and 147: Table 4.11: Proportions of SRF prod
Page 148 and 149: Figure 4.7: Volume of products (%)
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 5: Value Chain Analysis for
Page 152 and 153: Beparis sell, in addition to Choto
Page 154 and 155: Volume of trade The price value add
Page 156 and 157: 5.2.2 Gura Fish As large network of
Page 158 and 159: 140 Gura fish selling price (Tk per
Page 160 and 161: A specific group of people having g
Page 162 and 163: Sada fish gross return (monthly) by
Page 164 and 165: Net/boat owners are actually Mahaja
Page 166 and 167: Figure 5.17: Hilsha gross return (T
Page 168 and 169: Gross returns and net returns Aratd
Page 170 and 171: Figure 5.23: Shrimp galda large net
Page 172 and 173: Figure 5.25: Shrimp bagda large sel
Page 174 and 175: Table 5.7: Value addition and retur
Page 176 and 177: Figure 5.31: Shrimp galda small net
Page 178 and 179: Figure 5.36: Shrimp bagda small val
Page 180 and 181: Average selling Price/piece Price V
Page 182 and 183: Figure 5.40: Shrimp fry galda value
Page 184 and 185: Shrimp fry bagda value addition (%)
Page 188 and 189: Note: See note under Table 5.1. (10
Page 190 and 191: Honey net return (monthly) by actor
Page 192 and 193: The degree of inequality is quite h
Page 194 and 195: Cumulative income share (%) 100 80
Page 196 and 197: Figure 5.59: Lorenz curve: Gura fis
Page 198 and 199: Decile 8 14.6 Decile 9 17.9 Decile
Page 200 and 201: Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
Page 202 and 203: Actors Monthly income Duration (Mon
Page 204 and 205: Table 5.24: Annual income level of
Page 206 and 207: Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
Page 208 and 209: anking actors, it can be seen that
Page 210 and 211: In terms of distribution by deciles
Page 212 and 213: Table 5.32: Annual income level of
Page 214 and 215: Decile 3 2.9 Decile 4 3.9 Decile 5
Page 216 and 217: CHAPTER 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PO
Page 218 and 219: actors community). Our survey findi
Page 220 and 221: The foremost policy, therefore, wil
Page 222 and 223: nets” to the collectors, along wi
Page 224 and 225: empowerment, awareness and overall
Page 226 and 227: of co-management. That co-managemen
Page 228 and 229: SRF collectors as a major problem o
Page 230 and 231: the problem as very high is more th
Page 232 and 233: Bernacsek, G. and E. Haque (2001).
Page 234 and 235: Kleih Ulrich (2003). “Fish Distri
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