INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGEMENT (IPAC) - BIDS

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Decile 8 14.6 Decile 9 17.9 Decile 10 30.6 Deciles: 6-10 79.7 Proportion of Decile 1 to Decile 10 1: 19.1 Gini coefficient 0.44 Figure 5.61: Distribution of income sada fish Sada fish 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30.6 17.9 14.6 1.6 2.5 4.3 4.5 7.4 7.5 9.1 Decile 1 Decile 2 Decile 3 Decile 4 Decile 5 Decile 6 Decile 7 Decile 8 Decile 9 Decile 10 Figure 5.62: Lorenz curve: Sada fish Cumulative income share (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Gini Coefficient = (Area A)/(Area A+ Area B) Line of equality Sada fish Area A Lorenz curve 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Cumulative income decile (%) Area B Gini Coefficient = 0.44 5.3.4 Hilsha Hilsha is country’s national fish. It is also important for its contribution to exports. However, the study has contemplated value chain across only domestic actors or agents. An average collector of hilsha fish earns annual income in the range of only Tk 40,413, almost progressively followed by Majhis/Beparis (Tk 97,308), Choto Mahajans (Tk 187,517), Boro Mahajans (Tk 316,195), Aratdars (305,473), wholesalers (Tk 132,692) and retailers (Tk 71,722) (Table 5.19). Unlike in other products such as golpata and gura fish, Boro Mahajans, rather than Aratdars, in this value chain earn the highest amount of income, as presumably they play as Aratdars too. The degree of inequality in the value chain appears to be quite high in that the average annual income earned by the collectors, for example, estimates as nearly 8 times as less as earned by a Boro Mahajan. 138
In terms of total income aggregated for all actors, only 3.5 percent accounts for collectors, followed by Majhis/Beparis (8.5%), Choto Mahajans (16.3%), Boro Mahajans (27.5), Aratdars (26.5%), wholesalers (11.5%) and retailers (6.2%). In terms of the distribution by deciles, as is the case with other products, the income distribution appears to be skewed (Table 5.20). That means, the degree of inequality is found to be worse. Considering two deciles, Decile 1 for the bottom-ranking actors and Decile 10 for the topranking actors, it can be seen that the top 10 percent of the actors earn as high as 42 times as much income as the bottom 10 percent (i.e.,1:43) 83 (See Figures 5.64 and 5.65). Gini coefficient for hilsha fish estimates as 0.48, which is a bit lower compared to gura and sada fish. Table 5.19: Annual income level of SRF Actors: Hilsha Actors Monthly income Duration (Month) Annual % of total Peak Non-peak Peak Nonpeak Adjusted income income non-peak Collector 8,160 6,034 3.50 2.50 1.96 40,413 3.51 Majhi/Beparis 14,138 9,214 5.00 4.00 2.89 97,308 8.45 Choto 40,890 22,149 3.00 3.40 2.93 187,517 16.29 Mahajan Boro 60,896 37,873 3.67 2.67 2.45 316,195 27.46 Mahajan Aratdar 45,000 21,151 4.33 7.67 5.23 305,473 26.53 Wholesaler 16,973 9,656 4.33 7.67 6.13 132,693 11.53 Retailer 8,690 5,561 4.33 7.67 6.13 71,722 6.23 Total 194,747 111,638 - - - 1,151,321 100.00 Note: Non-peak months are standardized with corresponding number of days worked. Figure 5.63: Annual income level (%) of SRF Actors: Hilsha 83 Such inequality should be used with care as the sample size was small. 139
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INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA CO-MANAGE
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Washington, DC 20036 202-289-0100 F
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money lenders) who were often suspi
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2.1 Profile of SIZ Districts ......
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5.3.6 Shrimp Small (galda and bagda
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Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
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Table 5.20: Distribution of SRF act
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Figure 5.1: Basic structure of SRF
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Figure 5.55: Distribution of income
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ACF = As
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Glossary Arat Aratdar Bahaddar Baza
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In particular, the study is expecte
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Characteristics of SRF Actors and P
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The most difficult problem that had
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GDP and Livelihoods Based on availa
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Occupation Pattern of SRF Collector
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Chapter 4: Mapping for Core Steps a
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Nevertheless, the shrimp fry collec
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Crab Chain: Collector ⇒ Mahajan
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Value addition and return for gura
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Value addition and return for hilsh
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Wholesaler 3.1 26.1 19.3 Retailer 1
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Crab Crab collectors provide the hi
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Distribution of Actors Income - Inc
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Shrimp Large (galda and bagda) The
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Majhis/Beparis (9.5 %), Choto Mahaj
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of value chains, in terms of return
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Service Centers and Financial Suppo
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those leased-out canals. There shou
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Infrastructure of web-cam through o
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Chapter 1: Introduction, Study Back
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Although the resource users are bla
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advocates of conservation in return
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1.4.1 Principal Tools Briefly, the
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Shrimps have been divided into four
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In the process of our consultations
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The value chain framework, which is
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The study carries out micro level a
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an idea about possible market power
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Table 1.4: Usual harvest time of SR
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others, occupational pattern, incom
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Chapter 2: SIZ District and Upazila
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Map 2.2: Map of SIZ Districts: Khul
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Table 2.2: Proportion of SIZ area a
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SIZ 58 55.7 93 44.5 5 25 Districts
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Figure 2.5: Per capita district GDP
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Figure 2.7: SIZ per capita lands by
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CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY
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Satkhira 60 25.3 Pirojpur 11 4.6 Ba
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Retailer 107.2 30.2 All 87.5 48.7 F
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Like in other harvests, some of the
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Aratdars (11.6%) and Farias/Beparis
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Table 3.13: Distance of harvest pla
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Hantal 1.0 16.0 1.0 1.0 19.0 All 1.
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8.Unemployed 7.Self-employed 6.Cons
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Table 3.19: Repayment mode in SRF t
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In spite of the above, dadon is pre
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Incidence of pests 8.9 24.9 48.1 7.
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• Set up hand-driven tube-well at
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3.5 Historical Moratorium on SRF Pr
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Chandpai .15* - 1.62** .16* .17* .1
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CHAPTER 4 MAPPING FOR CORE STEPS AN
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Table 4.1: Sectors and products und
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We start with timber 4.3.1 Timber -
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4.3.3 Fish The fish sector consists
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Shrimp (Galda and Bagda) Chain 1: F
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Flow chart 4.8: Value chain for Cra
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Average number of boats involved in
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ola Khulna 1019 200 58 31 10 2 12 1
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year. On the assumption that one ac
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600 569 000 no. 500 400 300 200 225
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Table 4.11: Proportions of SRF prod
Page 148 and 149: Figure 4.7: Volume of products (%)
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 5: Value Chain Analysis for
Page 152 and 153: Beparis sell, in addition to Choto
Page 154 and 155: Volume of trade The price value add
Page 156 and 157: 5.2.2 Gura Fish As large network of
Page 158 and 159: 140 Gura fish selling price (Tk per
Page 160 and 161: A specific group of people having g
Page 162 and 163: Sada fish gross return (monthly) by
Page 164 and 165: Net/boat owners are actually Mahaja
Page 166 and 167: Figure 5.17: Hilsha gross return (T
Page 168 and 169: Gross returns and net returns Aratd
Page 170 and 171: Figure 5.23: Shrimp galda large net
Page 172 and 173: Figure 5.25: Shrimp bagda large sel
Page 174 and 175: Table 5.7: Value addition and retur
Page 176 and 177: Figure 5.31: Shrimp galda small net
Page 178 and 179: Figure 5.36: Shrimp bagda small val
Page 180 and 181: Average selling Price/piece Price V
Page 182 and 183: Figure 5.40: Shrimp fry galda value
Page 184 and 185: Shrimp fry bagda value addition (%)
Page 186 and 187: Crab gross return (monthly) by acto
Page 188 and 189: Note: See note under Table 5.1. (10
Page 190 and 191: Honey net return (monthly) by actor
Page 192 and 193: The degree of inequality is quite h
Page 194 and 195: Cumulative income share (%) 100 80
Page 196 and 197: Figure 5.59: Lorenz curve: Gura fis
Page 200 and 201: Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
Page 202 and 203: Actors Monthly income Duration (Mon
Page 204 and 205: Table 5.24: Annual income level of
Page 206 and 207: Annual income level (%) of SRF Acto
Page 208 and 209: anking actors, it can be seen that
Page 210 and 211: In terms of distribution by deciles
Page 212 and 213: Table 5.32: Annual income level of
Page 214 and 215: Decile 3 2.9 Decile 4 3.9 Decile 5
Page 216 and 217: CHAPTER 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PO
Page 218 and 219: actors community). Our survey findi
Page 220 and 221: The foremost policy, therefore, wil
Page 222 and 223: nets” to the collectors, along wi
Page 224 and 225: empowerment, awareness and overall
Page 226 and 227: of co-management. That co-managemen
Page 228 and 229: SRF collectors as a major problem o
Page 230 and 231: the problem as very high is more th
Page 232 and 233: Bernacsek, G. and E. Haque (2001).
Page 234 and 235: Kleih Ulrich (2003). “Fish Distri
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