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11 8 Annexe 1 Description des micro habitats - chapitre 4 Categori es used when describing microhabitats where we placed North American porcupine mounts in Parc National du Bic, Québec, December to March, 2004-2005. We visually estimated the vegetative cover present w ithin 1 m of the mount to classify microhabitats as open or covered. "Den": mount placed in a rock den usuall y frequented by porcupines: J to 3 m from the entrance, depending on den structure, " Ground open": mount placed on the ground, 25% of vegetati ve cover, "Conifer open": mount placed 2 m above ground in a coni fe rous tree, 25% of vegetati ve cover, "Deciduous": mount placed 2 m above ground in a deciduous tree, vegetati ve cover al ways
119 Annexe 2 Étalonnage des modèles en cuivre - chapitre 4 COlTelation between power consumed by mounts 1 and 2 (hourly means) when exposed to avail able conditions of operati ve temperature during fo ur events of calibration (specifie d by fo ur di ffe rent symbols) in Parc National du Bi c, Québec, December to March, 2004-2005 (Pearson cOITelation coeffi cient: r = 0.94, p- oC 6 • '0 40 . ~ Q.I E :J ~.,. • VI c::: 35 - 0 u •••• ... 6 30 ~ Q.I ~ 6 0 Q. 1 25 - 6 20 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Power consumed by mount 1 (W) 55
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UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI
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Remerciements Cette thèse n'aurait
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Table des matières LISTE DES TABLE
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Liste des tableaux Chapitre 3 Table
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VB Table 4.2 Power consumed (in Wat
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Liste des figures Chapitre 1 Figure
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XI Figure 2.3 Number oftimes ajuven
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Xlll Figure 4.3 Time spent outside
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Liste des annexes Annexe 1 Descript
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Chapitre 1 Introduction 1.1 Impact
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3 L ' importance relative des facte
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5 des populations ne donne qu' une
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7 (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) les
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9 1940 1000 1960 139---------- c ~
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1 1 (Roze 1987). Ils perdent 10 à
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13 140 a) 1 20 - o -l- 2000 2001 20
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15 manipulations et la pose d'émet
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Chapitre 2 Handling North American
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19 information is lacking in the pu
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21 We searched for juvenile porcupi
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23 Switzerland). To check sex and r
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25 transmitters fo r larger units s
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27 8 a) 7 "0 c: :l 0 6 -If) ~ c: 5
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29 record sex, reproducti ve status
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Chapitre 3 Predation as a possible
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33 3.2. Introduction A growing numb
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35 predation risk. To do so, we tes
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37 Table 3.1 : Monitoring effort ac
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39 winter precipitation (total prec
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41 emaciated), road kills, dead fro
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43 Seasonal survival rates The sele
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45 >. 1.0 0.9 ..... 0.8 .c ta .c 0.
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47 Causes of mortality We assigned
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49 100 - 90 a) 80 1/) c: .2 iii ...
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51 too simplistic to detect complex
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53 correlated with winter survival
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55 4.1. A bstract Because the clima
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57 Ta, first because of the effects
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59 Third, we evaluated the behaviou
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61 pattern of den use over one or t
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63 two modali ties, Table 4.1, mode
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65 feeding behaviour for the popula
Page 85 and 86: 67 of Tc we considered. However, we
Page 87 and 88: 69 Calculating TefrOIn Ta, wind spe
Page 89 and 90: 71 Number and duration of activity
Page 91 and 92: 73 8 o _ --L-_ 0 Operative temperat
Page 93 and 94: 75 Beschta 2004). Predation rates w
Page 95 and 96: 77 in our population (chap. 3). Mal
Page 97 and 98: 79 Tableau 4.5 : Pourcentage d'obse
Page 99 and 100: 81 associées avec le temps de surv
Page 101 and 102: 83 5.1. Abstract ln many mammals, j
Page 103 and 104: 85 use of coyer influenced summer s
Page 105 and 106: 87 juvenile was moving to escape fr
Page 107 and 108: 89 individual (using approximations
Page 109 and 110: 91 den use (treated as a binary var
Page 111 and 112: 1 93 20 - 18 ~ a) DAvailable .Used
Page 113 and 114: 95 80 -, 70 l DAvailable .Used 60 -
Page 115 and 116: 97 Table 5.3: Use of coyer by juven
Page 117 and 118: 99 juveniles. At the microhabitat s
Page 119 and 120: 101 However, we think protection fr
Page 121 and 122: 103 we found that most mortalities
Page 123 and 124: Chapitre 6 Conclusion Dans le cadre
Page 125 and 126: 107 porcs-épics fréquentent les c
Page 127 and 128: 109 épies, via un impact des condi
Page 129 and 130: II I Hiver E n hi ver, on montre qu
Page 131 and 132: 113 compromis auquel les animaux fo
Page 133 and 134: 11 5 En été, la mortalité des je
Page 135: 117 pékan dans la région. On mont
Page 139 and 140: 121 Références Aanes, R. , & R. A
Page 141 and 142: Bult, A., & C. B. Lynch. 1997. Nest
Page 143 and 144: 125 Creel, S. , 1. Winnie, B . Maxw
Page 145 and 146: 127 Fortin, D., & G. Gauthier. 2000
Page 147 and 148: 129 Hik, D. S. 1995. Does risk of p
Page 149 and 150: Lent, P. C. 1974. Mother-infant rel
Page 151 and 152: 133 Murray, D. L. , & S. Boutin. 19
Page 153 and 154: au Québec depuis 1984. Ministère
Page 155 and 156: 137 Proceedings of the Royal Societ
Page 157 and 158: 139 Tsiropoula, G. 2003. Signatures
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