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Page 1 and 2:
UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI
Page 3 and 4:
Remerciements Cette thèse n'aurait
Page 5 and 6:
Table des matières LISTE DES TABLE
Page 7 and 8:
Liste des tableaux Chapitre 3 Table
Page 9 and 10:
VB Table 4.2 Power consumed (in Wat
Page 11 and 12:
Liste des figures Chapitre 1 Figure
Page 13 and 14:
XI Figure 2.3 Number oftimes ajuven
Page 15 and 16:
Xlll Figure 4.3 Time spent outside
Page 17 and 18:
Liste des annexes Annexe 1 Descript
Page 19 and 20:
Chapitre 1 Introduction 1.1 Impact
Page 21 and 22:
3 L ' importance relative des facte
Page 23 and 24:
5 des populations ne donne qu' une
Page 25 and 26:
7 (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) les
Page 27 and 28:
9 1940 1000 1960 139---------- c ~
Page 29 and 30:
1 1 (Roze 1987). Ils perdent 10 à
Page 31 and 32:
13 140 a) 1 20 - o -l- 2000 2001 20
Page 33 and 34:
15 manipulations et la pose d'émet
Page 35 and 36:
Chapitre 2 Handling North American
Page 37 and 38:
19 information is lacking in the pu
Page 39 and 40:
21 We searched for juvenile porcupi
Page 41 and 42:
23 Switzerland). To check sex and r
Page 43 and 44:
25 transmitters fo r larger units s
Page 45 and 46:
27 8 a) 7 "0 c: :l 0 6 -If) ~ c: 5
Page 47 and 48:
29 record sex, reproducti ve status
Page 49 and 50:
Chapitre 3 Predation as a possible
Page 51 and 52:
33 3.2. Introduction A growing numb
Page 53 and 54:
35 predation risk. To do so, we tes
Page 55 and 56:
37 Table 3.1 : Monitoring effort ac
Page 57 and 58:
39 winter precipitation (total prec
Page 59 and 60:
41 emaciated), road kills, dead fro
Page 61 and 62:
43 Seasonal survival rates The sele
Page 63 and 64:
45 >. 1.0 0.9 ..... 0.8 .c ta .c 0.
Page 65 and 66:
47 Causes of mortality We assigned
Page 67 and 68:
49 100 - 90 a) 80 1/) c: .2 iii ...
Page 69 and 70:
51 too simplistic to detect complex
Page 71 and 72:
53 correlated with winter survival
Page 73 and 74:
55 4.1. A bstract Because the clima
Page 75 and 76:
57 Ta, first because of the effects
Page 77 and 78:
59 Third, we evaluated the behaviou
Page 79 and 80:
61 pattern of den use over one or t
Page 81 and 82:
63 two modali ties, Table 4.1, mode
Page 83 and 84:
65 feeding behaviour for the popula
Page 85 and 86:
67 of Tc we considered. However, we
Page 87 and 88:
69 Calculating TefrOIn Ta, wind spe
Page 89 and 90:
71 Number and duration of activity
Page 91 and 92:
73 8 o _ --L-_ 0 Operative temperat
Page 93 and 94:
75 Beschta 2004). Predation rates w
Page 95 and 96:
77 in our population (chap. 3). Mal
Page 97 and 98:
79 Tableau 4.5 : Pourcentage d'obse
Page 99 and 100:
81 associées avec le temps de surv
Page 101 and 102: 83 5.1. Abstract ln many mammals, j
Page 103 and 104: 85 use of coyer influenced summer s
Page 105 and 106: 87 juvenile was moving to escape fr
Page 107 and 108: 89 individual (using approximations
Page 109 and 110: 91 den use (treated as a binary var
Page 111 and 112: 1 93 20 - 18 ~ a) DAvailable .Used
Page 113 and 114: 95 80 -, 70 l DAvailable .Used 60 -
Page 115 and 116: 97 Table 5.3: Use of coyer by juven
Page 117 and 118: 99 juveniles. At the microhabitat s
Page 119 and 120: 101 However, we think protection fr
Page 121 and 122: 103 we found that most mortalities
Page 123 and 124: Chapitre 6 Conclusion Dans le cadre
Page 125 and 126: 107 porcs-épics fréquentent les c
Page 127 and 128: 109 épies, via un impact des condi
Page 129 and 130: II I Hiver E n hi ver, on montre qu
Page 131 and 132: 113 compromis auquel les animaux fo
Page 133 and 134: 11 5 En été, la mortalité des je
Page 135 and 136: 117 pékan dans la région. On mont
Page 137 and 138: 119 Annexe 2 Étalonnage des modèl
Page 139 and 140: 121 Références Aanes, R. , & R. A
Page 141 and 142: Bult, A., & C. B. Lynch. 1997. Nest
Page 143 and 144: 125 Creel, S. , 1. Winnie, B . Maxw
Page 145 and 146: 127 Fortin, D., & G. Gauthier. 2000
Page 147 and 148: 129 Hik, D. S. 1995. Does risk of p
Page 149 and 150: Lent, P. C. 1974. Mother-infant rel
Page 151: 133 Murray, D. L. , & S. Boutin. 19
Page 155 and 156: 137 Proceedings of the Royal Societ
Page 157 and 158: 139 Tsiropoula, G. 2003. Signatures
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