Synthesis of Safety for Traffic Operations - Transports Canada
Synthesis of Safety for Traffic Operations - Transports Canada
Synthesis of Safety for Traffic Operations - Transports Canada
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<strong>Synthesis</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Traffic</strong> <strong>Operations</strong> March 2003<br />
CHAPTER 10: TRAFFIC CALMING<br />
Lynam et al (1988) and Mackie et al (1990)<br />
Lynam et al (1988) and Mackie et al (1990) reported on the safety impacts <strong>of</strong> area-wide<br />
traffic calming in five cities in England. The characteristics <strong>of</strong> the sites and the area-wide<br />
traffic calming are provided in Table 10.1. The study methodology was a be<strong>for</strong>e-after<br />
study with a control group. The control groups were matched to the treatment sites on<br />
the basis <strong>of</strong> land use, road network, and crash record. The treatment sites were noted as<br />
being <strong>of</strong> average crash risk, so regression to the mean artefacts are not expected.<br />
Five years <strong>of</strong> be<strong>for</strong>e and two years <strong>of</strong> after data were used in the analysis, the results <strong>of</strong><br />
which are abbreviated in Table 10.2. The analysis identified and controlled <strong>for</strong> timeseries<br />
and seasonal variations.<br />
TABLE 10.1: Site Descriptions <strong>for</strong> Area Wide <strong>Traffic</strong> Calming Analysis in the UK<br />
SITE 1 2 3 4 5<br />
Hierarchy changes Restrict<br />
through traffic<br />
Concentrate<br />
N/S traffic<br />
Identified safety issues<br />
Prime safety objectives<br />
Main<br />
measures<br />
Two-wheeler<br />
crashes on<br />
main roads<br />
Improve main<br />
road<br />
intersections;<br />
restrict side<br />
road access<br />
Congestion<br />
on main roads<br />
Improve<br />
intersection<br />
control;<br />
restrict side<br />
road access<br />
Restrict local<br />
roads used to<br />
bypass centre<br />
Child<br />
pedestrian<br />
crashes<br />
Reduce<br />
through traffic<br />
on locals;<br />
improve<br />
intersections<br />
Reduce<br />
number <strong>of</strong><br />
distributors<br />
Crashes on<br />
collectors<br />
Improve<br />
selected<br />
collectors;<br />
restrict<br />
others<br />
Main Road Mini roundabouts No general<br />
treatment<br />
Side road Turning bans<br />
Footway crossovers<br />
intersections<br />
Collector Central islands; Sheltered parking/pavement extensions<br />
roads improve ped. Peak bus lane Bus gate<br />
crossings<br />
Close one<br />
through route,<br />
discourage<br />
others<br />
Crashes at<br />
intersections<br />
on arterials<br />
Modify traffic<br />
routing;<br />
reduce speeds<br />
on collectors<br />
Intersection<br />
redesign<br />
Central<br />
refuges<br />
TABLE 10.2: <strong>Safety</strong> Impacts <strong>of</strong> Area Wide <strong>Traffic</strong> Calming in the UK<br />
CMF<br />
Site Local Control<br />
Site<br />
Large Control<br />
Area<br />
1 0.90 to 0.75 0.88<br />
2 0.96 to 0.85 0.91<br />
3 0.93 0.91<br />
4 0.81 to 0.68 0.82<br />
5 0.86 0.86<br />
All 0.87 0.88<br />
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