Synthesis of Safety for Traffic Operations - Transports Canada

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Synthesis of Safety for Traffic Operations March 2003 TABLE 12.4: CMFs for Pavement Markings Researcher Treatment Study Methodology No. Sites CMF Comments Naïve before-after 196 0.70 Urban Improved markings study of crash 74 0.62 Rural frequency TRL (2000) Migletz and Graham (2002) Willis et al (1984) Cottrell (1987) Hall (1987) Lee et al (1997) Retting et al (1997) Yellow bar markings Replacing conventional with longer lasting pavement markings Edgelines 200 mm wide edgelines 200 mm wide edgelines Reflectivity of longitudinal pavement markings Placement of rightthrough arrow pavement markings in right lane near driveways Naïve before-after study of crash frequency Naïve before-after study of crash rates Before-after study using a control group Before-after study with a control group Before-after study with a control group 2 2 55 75 Before-after study 46 Naïve before-after study of conflict frequency 3 0.27 0.63 0.89 1.15 0.94 1.02 1.14 No significant effect 69 1.4 to 1.6 3 1 No significant effect 0.96 1.06 Urban Rural Dry pavement Wet pavement All crashes Visibility is cause for caution Visibility is mixed Applicable to runoff-the-road crashes Applicable to runoff-the-road crashes Applicable to night-time crashes Unsignalized driveways Signalized driveways Page 161
Synthesis of Safety for Traffic Operations March 2003 TABLE 12.5: CMFs for Pedestrian Safety Measures Researcher Treatment Study Methodology No. Sites CMF Comments Pedestrian refuge island Cross-sectional study # Split Pedestrian 50 5.14 using crash frequency Crossover iTrans (2002) Van Houten (unpublished) Pedestrian refuge island installation Pedestrian activated flashing beacons with supplementary signs Naïve before-after study using crash frequency Naïve before-after study using conflicts 30 0.27 2.23 2 0.22 to 0.25 Did not account for pedestrians volumes Pedestrian crashes All crashes Pedestrian-vehicle conflicts Page 162
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Transport Canada Transports Canada
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Synthesis Of Safety For Traffic Ope
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DISCLAIMER The material presented h
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Traffic operation
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Synthesis of Safety for Traffic Ope
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TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER REJET
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 3.1: Crash Rat
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Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Introductio I
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Introduction Before proceeding, a f
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Introduction Literature regarding t
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Introduction The current science of
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Introduction adequate size control
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Introduction In concluding this sec
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Chapter 3: Chapter 3: Intersectio I
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Intersection Control TABLE 3.3: Cra
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Intersection Control TABLE 3.5: CMF
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Intersection Control Vancouver Regi
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Intersection Control V m = the sum
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Intersection Control where: X1 = 0
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Intersection Control Region of Durh
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Intersection Control TABLE 3.17: CM
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Intersection Control The predictor
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Intersection Control program includ
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Intersection Control TABLE 3.26: Me
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Intersection Control TABLE 3.29: St
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Intersection Control TABLE 3.32: Ni
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Intersection Control It is noted th
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Intersection Control Sayed et al (1
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Intersection Control Signal Clearan
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Intersection Control The CMFs are 0
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Intersection Control also examined
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Intersection Control Shebeeb (1995)
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Intersection Control approaches at
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Intersection Control TABLE 3.56: Sa
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Chapter 5: Chapter 5: Pavement Pave
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Pavement Markings The study methodo
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Pavement Markings Hall (1987) Hall
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Pavement Markings TABLE 5.8: Safety
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Pavement Markings THIS PAGE IS INTE
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Chapter 7: Chapter 7: Bicycle Bicyc
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Bicycle Safety TABLE 7.1: Safety Im
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Chapter 9: Chapter 9: Turn Lanes Tu
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Turn Lanes TABLE 9.2: Safety Impact
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Turn Lanes Vogt determined that a l
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Turn Lanes 1998 one of their high c
Page 157 and 158: Turn Lanes Section TABLE 9.10: Safe
Page 159 and 160: Turn Lanes A T = ADT 0.91 L 0.852 e
Page 161 and 162: Turn Lanes CMF = 1 - 0.7 P lt/d 0.0
Page 163 and 164: Turn Lanes occurred within 250 feet
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Page 168 and 169: TABLE 10.3: Speed Changes Resulting
Page 170 and 171: Sites Where Applied 1 URBAN Island
Page 172 and 173: Forbes and Gill (2000) undertook a
Page 174 and 175: Ideally, three years of before and
Page 176 and 177: Kermit and Hein (1962) looked into
Page 178 and 179: The effects of the transverse pavem
Page 180: Chapter 11: Chapter 11: Other Other
Page 183 and 184: Other Safety Issues collisions per
Page 185 and 186: Other Safety Issues THIS PAGE IS IN
Page 220: References References
Page 223 and 224: References Bloch SA (1998) “Compa
Page 225 and 226: References Hamilton Associates (199
Page 227 and 228: References Lee JT, Maleck TL, and T
Page 229 and 230: References Polanis SF (1998) “Do
Page 231 and 232: References Vancouver, City of (1999
Page 233 and 234: References THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONAL
Page 242: Appendix B: Critical R Appendix B:
Page 245 and 246: Critical Reviews Worksheet for Eval
Page 247 and 248: Critical Reviews 2. Are the expecte
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Appendix D: Appendix D: How to Use
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How to Use Safety Performance Funct
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How to Use Safety Performance Funct
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Synthesis of Safety for Traffic Operations - Transports Canada

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