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ORDRE NOUVEAU and PERSONALISM included:<br />

ARNAUD DANDIEU (1897-1933). Worked in psychopathology in<br />

addition to his work with Aron.<br />

ROBERT ARON ( ). Founding member <strong>of</strong> {ESPRIT}, co-founder <strong>of</strong><br />

ORDRE NOUVEAU, historian <strong>of</strong> the Vichy regime.<br />

CLAUDE CHEVALLEY (1909-1984). Mathematician, co-founder <strong>of</strong><br />

ORDRE NOUVEAU and <strong>of</strong> the BOURBAKI group.<br />

DANIEL-ROPS (pseudonym <strong>of</strong> HENRI PETIOT) (1901-1965).<br />

Collaborator in the "Mouvement Federaliste Francais." Governor <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Fondation Europeenne de la Culture (FEC).<br />

ALEXANDRE MARC LIPIANSKY (1904-2000). Founder <strong>of</strong> the Club du<br />

Moulin Vert. Secretary <strong>of</strong> the European Union <strong>of</strong> Federalists. Founder <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Centre International de Formation Europeenne (CIFE).<br />

DENIS DE ROUGEMONT (1906-1985). Created in 1954 la Fondation<br />

Europeene de la Culture (FEC). Wrote: {Politique de la personne} (1934),<br />

{Penser avec les mains} (1936), {L'Amour et l'Occident} (1939). {Vingthuit<br />

siècles d'Europe}.<br />

L'ORDRE NOUVEAU and PERSONALISM were launched with the<br />

publication <strong>of</strong> DANDIEU and ARON’S two <strong>book</strong>s in 1931, {Decadence de<br />

la nation francaise}, and {Le Cancer Americain}.The second <strong>book</strong> was a<br />

virulent attack on the United States. According to HELLMAN, {Le Cancer<br />

American} was “castigating the ‘Yankee spirit’ for ‘the hegemony <strong>of</strong><br />

rational mechanisms over [those] concrete and sentimental realities’ which<br />

constituted ‘the pr<strong>of</strong>ound sources <strong>of</strong> true progress for man.’ To counter the<br />

‘American Cancer’ there would have to be ‘the definitive revolution’ which<br />

would be ‘spiritual before anything else, or it will not really change<br />

anything.’ Human beings were to put ‘The spiritual first, then think about<br />

economics, and then put politics at their service.’ ” (JOHN HELLMAN,<br />

{Communitarian Third Way, Alexander Marc's Ordre Nouveau, 1930-<br />

2000}, McGill-Queen University Press, Montreal, 2002, p.38.) The slogan<br />

<strong>of</strong> this group was:” Neither individualist nor collectivist, we are<br />

personalists." As MARC put it: "It is a question <strong>of</strong> federating the efforts <strong>of</strong><br />

all who, protesting against the impotence <strong>of</strong> parliamentary democracy, want<br />

158

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