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the {Maginot Line}. De Gaulle understood that this defeatist strategy was<br />

pre-calculated to have precisely the effect that it was intended to have. It<br />

meant that France would hold behind the Line waiting, as he said, "for the<br />

blockade to wear the enemy down and the pressure <strong>of</strong> the free world to drive<br />

him [Hitler] to collapse."<br />

"{To my mind," wrote de Gaulle, "such an orientation was as<br />

dangerous as could be. I considered that, from the strategic point <strong>of</strong><br />

view, it handed the initiative over to the enemy, lock, stock, and barrel.<br />

From the political point <strong>of</strong> view, I believe that by proclaiming our<br />

intention to keep our armies at the frontier, Germany was being egged<br />

on to act against the weak, who were from that moment, isolated: the<br />

Sarre, the Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, the Baltic States,<br />

Poland, and so on; that Russia was being discouraged from forming any<br />

bond with us; and that Italy was being assured that, whatever she might<br />

do, we would not impose any limit to her malevolence. Lastly, from the<br />

moral point <strong>of</strong> view, it seemed to me deplorable to make the country<br />

believe that war, if it came, ought to consist, for it, in fighting as little as<br />

possible.}" {Charles de Gaulle: the Complete Memoirs}, Carroll and Graf<br />

Publishers, Inc. New York, 1998, p.8.)<br />

De Gaulle had made this extraordinary forecast in 1933 during time<br />

he was writing his <strong>book</strong> on {The Army <strong>of</strong> the Future}. Indeed, the refusal <strong>of</strong><br />

the High Command to break with their old axioms, reflected in the highly<br />

publicized Maginot Line defense, represented a green light for Hitler to<br />

invade Austria, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, and then hit France through<br />

Belgium, thus by-passing the Maginot Line!<br />

In 1934, de Gaulle published a <strong>book</strong> entitled, {Vers l'Armee de<br />

metier} ({The Army <strong>of</strong> the Future}, English Edition published in 1940). In<br />

that <strong>book</strong>, de Gaulle showed how dangerous the above strategy was. De<br />

Gaulle cites various predecessors, namely, German General Von Seeckt, and<br />

Italian General Douhet, as well as the "Maximum Plan" which had been<br />

advocated at Geneva by Paul Boncour in 1932, and which proposed placing<br />

under the League <strong>of</strong> Nations, a pr<strong>of</strong>essional force which would have at its<br />

disposal all the tanks and all <strong>of</strong> the aircrafts <strong>of</strong> Europe, and thus would be<br />

responsible for maintaining collective security.<br />

In October 1933, Hitler broke with the League <strong>of</strong> Nations, and took<br />

the strategic idea for himself. In 1934-1935, the Reich launched the most<br />

55

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