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Since all <strong>of</strong> the roads and railroads leaving Paris to the south were<br />

literally covered with millions <strong>of</strong> refugees, the French army was completely<br />

paralyzed and could not be deployed anywhere properly. "On June 11,<br />

General Alphonse Georges, commanding the collapsing front, estimated he<br />

had left the equivalent <strong>of</strong> only thirty divisions - out <strong>of</strong> sixty in line the week<br />

before --from the sea to the beginning <strong>of</strong> the Maginot line, and they were<br />

exhausted from trying to fight by day and retreat by night. On June 12, the<br />

great Maginot Line <strong>of</strong> fortifications in the east, which had not been<br />

penetrated by the enemy, was abandoned on the orders <strong>of</strong> General Weygand.<br />

"Weygand should be fire," said de Gaulle to Reynaud. On June 13, Reynaud<br />

was holding a meeting with Churchill in Tours without inviting de Gaulle,<br />

discussing armistice and if London would agree to renounce the March 28<br />

agreement excluding any separate peace between France and England. Later<br />

that day, Reynaud telegraphed Roosevelt asking for his intervention. De<br />

Gaulle was then convinced that the armistice would go forward, and<br />

contemplated resigning from the government. June 14, the government<br />

withdraws to Bordeaux. Four days later, the 400,000 retreating fortress<br />

troops were encircled by the Germans. At that time General Weygand and<br />

Marshal Petain were both calling for the French troops to acknowledge<br />

defeat and stop fighting the Germans. On June 18, General de Gaulle was<br />

the only high ranking <strong>of</strong>ficer who called for the French Army and general<br />

population to continue to fight the Germans. On BBC, de Gaulle stated:<br />

"{The leaders who, for many years past, have been at the head <strong>of</strong> the<br />

French armed forces, have set up a government.<br />

"Alleging the defeat <strong>of</strong> our armies, this government has entered into<br />

negotiations with the enemy with a view to bringing about a cessation <strong>of</strong><br />

hostilities. It is quite true that we were, and still are, overwhelmed by<br />

enemy mechanized forces, both on the ground and in the air. It was the<br />

tanks, the planes, and the tactics <strong>of</strong> the Germans, far more than the fact<br />

that we were outnumbered that forced our armies to retreat. It was the<br />

German tanks, planes, and tactics that provided the element <strong>of</strong> surprise<br />

which brought our leaders to their present plight.<br />

"But has the last word been said? Must we abandon all hope? Is our<br />

defeat final and irremediable? To those questions I answer -- No!<br />

65

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