Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium subulatum (<strong>CBS</strong> 405.76). A–B. Macronematous conidiophores with sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells, resulting in a conidium-bearing rachis. C–D. Rachis with crowded, blunt conidium-bearing denticles. E. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 33. Radulidium epichloës (<strong>CBS</strong> 361.63). A–C. Conidial apparatus at different stages of development, resulting in semi-micronematous conidiophores <strong>and</strong> sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells. D. Rachis with crowded, blunt conidium-bearing denticles. E–F. Conidiophores with acute branches in the lower part. G. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. 88
Ramichloridium <strong>and</strong> allied genera on Phragmidium pauciloculare on Rubus parvifolius, 14 Oct. 2003, H.D. Shin, paratype, 23/10, HAL 2055 F; Hongchon, on Phragmidium rosae-multiflorae on Rosa multiflora, 11 Aug. 2004, H.D. Shin, paratype, 23/8, HAL 2056 F; Yangpyong, on Phragmidium sp. on Rubus coreanus, 30 Sep. 2003, H.D. Shin, paratype, 11/10- 1, CPC 10704–10705 = <strong>CBS</strong> 121737–121738, HAL 2052 F, <strong>and</strong> the same locality, 23 Jul. 2004, HAL 2058 F; Chunchon, on Pucciniastrum agrimoniae on Agrimonia pilosa, 7 Oct. 2002, H.D. Shin, holotype, HAL 2054 F, culture ex-type CPC 10753– 10755 = <strong>CBS</strong> 121739–121741. Radulidium subulatum <strong>and</strong> Ra. epichloës clade Ramichloridium subulatum <strong>and</strong> R. epichloës form a distinct, wellsupported clade with uncertain affinity. This clade is morphologically distinct <strong>and</strong> a new <strong>genus</strong> is introduced below to accommodate it. Radulidium Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, gen. nov. MycoBank MB504566. Etymology: Latin radula = A flexible tongue-like organ in gastropods, referring to the radula-like denticles on the rachis. Genus ab aliis generibus Ramichloridii similibus denticulis densissimis, prominentibus, hebetibus in rachide e cellula conidiogena aculeata orta distinguendum. Type species: Radulidium subulatum (de Hoog) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, comb. nov. In vitro: Colonies fast-growing, velvety, floccose near the margin, centrally with fertile hyphal bundles up to 10 mm high, about 2 mm diam, with entire but vague margin; mycelium whitish, later becoming greyish brown. Submerged hyphae smooth, thin-walled. Conidiophores usually reduced to polyblastic conidiogenous cells arising from undifferentiated or slightly differentiated aerial hyphae, terminally integrated or lateral, rarely a branched conidiophore present, smooth, slightly thick-walled, pale brown, cylindrical to acicular, widest at the base <strong>and</strong> tapering towards the apex; apical part forming a pale brown, generally straight rachis, with crowded, prominent, blunt denticles, suggesting a gastropod radula; denticles 0.5–1 µm long, apically pale brown. Conidia solitary, subhyaline, thin- or slightly thick-walled, smooth or verrucose, obovoidal, fusiform to subcylindrical, base subtruncate <strong>and</strong> with a slightly prominent, conspicuously pigmented hilum; conidial secession schizolytic. Notes: Radulidium can be distinguished from other ramichloridiumlike fungi by its slightly differentiated conidiophores <strong>and</strong> prominent, blunt, very dense conidium-bearing denticles. Although the Radulidium clade consists of several subclusters that correlate with differences in morphology, the ITS sequence data appear insufficient to resolve this species complex. <strong>The</strong>refore, only two species of Radulidium with clear morphological <strong>and</strong> molecular differences are treated here. <strong>The</strong> phylogenetic situation of other taxa in this clade will be treated in a further study employing a multigene approach. Radulidium subulatum (de Hoog) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank MB504567. Figs 10C, 32. Basionym: Ramichloridium subulatum de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 83. 1977. Misapplied name: Rhinocladiella elatior Mangenot sensu dal Vesco & B. Peyronel, Allionia 14: 38. 1968. In vitro: Submerged hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, 1–2.5 µm wide; aerial hyphae brownish. Conidiogenous cells arising laterally from vegetative hyphae, pale brown, smooth, thick-walled, sometimes without a basal septum, cylindrical to aculeate, tapering gradually towards the apex, widest at the base, 25–40 × 2–3 µm; proliferating sympodially, forming a pale brown rachis, with densely crowded, prominent, blunt conidium-bearing denticles, with pale brown apex. Conidia solitary, subhyaline, thin-walled, smooth, ellipsoidal to almost clavate, 5–7 × 1.5–2 µm, with a slightly pigmented, nonrefractive hilum, about 1 µm diam. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on MEA rather fast growing, reaching 50 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C, with entire but vague margin, velvety, floccose near the margin, centrally with fertile hyphal bundles up to 10 mm high, about 2 mm diam; mycelium whitish, later becoming greyish brown; reverse grey, zonate. Specimens examined: Czech Republic, on Phragmites australis, A. Samšiňáková, ex-type culture <strong>CBS</strong> 405.76; Opatovicky pond, from Lasioptera arundinis (gall midge) mycangia on Phragmites australis, M. Skuhravá, <strong>CBS</strong> 101010. Radulidium epichloës (Ellis & Dearn.) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank MB504568. Fig. 33. Basionym: Botrytis epichloës Ellis & Dearn., Canad. Record Sci. 9: 272. 1893. ≡ Ramichloridium epichloës (Ellis & Dearn.) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 81. 1977. In vitro: Submerged hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, 1–2.5 µm wide; aerial hyphae somewhat darker. Conidiogenous cells arising laterally or terminally from undifferentiated or slightly differentiated aerial hyphae, occasionally acutely branched in the lower part, smooth, thick-walled, pale brown, more or less cylindrical, later with thin septa, 25–47 µm long; proliferating sympodially, forming a rather short, pale brown, straight or somewhat geniculate rachis, with crowded, prominent, blunt denticles with pale brown apex. Conidia solitary, subhyaline, rather thin-walled, verruculose, obovoidal to fusiform, (4.5–)7–8(–11) × 2–3 µm, with a pigmented hilum, 1–1.5 µm diam. Cultural characteristics: Colonies reaching 45 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C, with smooth, rather vague, entire margin; velvety, centrally floccose <strong>and</strong> elevated up to 2 mm high; surface mycelium whitish, later becoming greyish brown; reverse pale ochraceous. Specimen examined: U.S.A., Cranberry Lake, Michigan, isolated from Epichloë typhina on Glyceria striata, G.L. Hennebert, <strong>CBS</strong> 361.63 = MUCL 3124; specimen in MUCL designated here as epitype. Veronaea-like clade, allied to the Annulatascaceae A veronaea-like isolate from Bertia moriformis clusters near the Annulatascaceae, <strong>and</strong> is morphologically distinct from other known anamorph genera in the Ramichloridium complex, <strong>and</strong> therefore a new <strong>genus</strong> is introduced to accommodate it. Rhodoveronaea Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, gen. nov. MycoBank MB504569. Etymology: (Greek) rhodon = the rose, referring to the red-brown conidiophores, suffix -veronaea from Veronaea. Genus ab aliis generibus Ramichloridii similibus basi condiorum late truncata et marginata distinguenda. In vitro: Colonies slow-growing, velvety, floccose; surface olivaceous-grey to dark olivaceous-green; reverse olivaceousblack. Hyphae smooth, thin-walled, pale olivaceous. Conidiophores arising vertically from creeping hyphae, straight or flexuose, simple, thick-walled, red-brown, with inflated basal cell. Conidiogenous cells terminally integrated, polyblastic, sympodial, smooth, thick- www.studiesinmycology.org 89
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Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Studies in Mycology The Studies in
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CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
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lectotype for the genus by Clements
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Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6