The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on MEA reaching 12 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C, with entire, smooth, sharp margin; mycelium compacted, becoming hairy, colonies up to 1 mm high; surface olivaceous to olivaceous-grey, reverse dark grey-olivaceous to olivaceous-black. Specimen examined: South Africa, Western Cape Province, Kogelberg, on dead culms of Ischyrolepis subverticillata, May 2001, S. Lee, holotype CBS H-19927, culture ex-type CBS 113477. Periconiella levispora Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, sp. nov. MycoBank MB504546. Figs 5–6B. Etymology: (Latin) levis = smooth. A simili Periconiella velutina conidiis levibus et maioribus, ad 23 μm longis distinguenda. In vitro: Submerged hyphae smooth, hyaline, thin-walled, 2–2.5 µm wide; aerial hyphae subhyaline, later becoming dark brown, thickwalled, smooth. Conidiophores arising vertically from creeping aerial hyphae, dark brown at the base, paler towards the apex, thick-walled; in the upper part bearing several short branches, up to 120 µm long. Conidiogenous cells integrated, occasionally discrete, cylindrical, variable in length, 10–20 µm long, subhyaline, later becoming pale brown, fertile part as wide as the basal part, proliferating sympodially, forming a short rachis with pigmented and slightly thickened, somewhat protruding scars, less than 1 µm diam. Conidia solitary, 0(–2)-septate, smooth, pale olivaceous, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, pyriform to clavate, (7–)11–14(–23) × (3–)4– 5(–6) µm, with a truncate base and a darkened, slightly thickened hilum, 2 µm diam. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on MEA slow-growing, reaching 5 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C, with entire margin; aerial mycelium compact, raised, velvety, olivaceous-grey; reverse olivaceousblack. Basionym: Chloridium apiculatum J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster, Mycologia 49: 789. 1957. ≡ Veronaea apiculata (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) M.B. Ellis, in Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 209. 1976. [non Rhinocladiella apiculata Matsush., in Matsushima, Icon. Microfung. Mats. lect.: 122. 1975]. = Rhinocladiella indica Agarwal, Lloydia 32: 388. 1969. [non Chloridium indicum Subram., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Sect. B, 42: 286. 1955]. In vitro: Submerged hyphae hyaline to subhyaline, thin-walled, 1–2.5 µm wide; aerial hyphae slightly darker, smooth-walled. Conidiophores generally arising at right angles from creeping aerial hyphae, straight, unbranched, thick-walled, dark brown, continuous or with 1–2(–3) additional thin septa, up to 100 µm long; intercalary cells 10–28 µm long. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, smooth, thick-walled, golden-brown, straight, cylindrical, 25–37(– 47) × 2–3.5 µm; proliferating sympodially, resulting in a straight rachis with conspicuous conidiogenous loci; scars prominent, crowded, slightly pigmented, less than 1 µm diam. Conidia solitary, obovate to obconical, pale brown, finely verrucose, (3–)5–5.5(–7.5) × (2–)2.5–3(–4) µm, hilum conspicuous, slightly pigmented, about 1 µm diam. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on MEA reaching 35 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C; minimum temperature for growth above 6 °C, optimum 24 °C, maximum 30 °C. Colonies raised, velvety, dense, with entire margin; surface olivaceous-green, reverse olivaceousblack, often with a diffusing citron-yellow pigment. Specimens examined: Pakistan, Lahore, from soil, A. Kamal, CBS 400.76 = IMI 088021. South Africa, from preserved Cucumis sativus in 8-oxyquinoline sulphate, M.C. Papendorf, CBS 390.67; Potchefstroom, from Aloe sp., M.C. Papendorf, CBS 391.67. U.S.A., Georgia, isolated from forest soil, CBS 156.59 = ATCC 13211 = IMI 100716 = QM 7716, ex-type culture. Specimen examined: Sri Lanka, Hakgala Botanic Gardens, on dead leaves of Turpinia pomifera, Jan. 1973, W. Gams, holotype CBS H-15611, culture ex-type CBS 873.73. Ramichloridium Stahel ex de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 59. 1977. In vitro: Colonies flat to raised, with entire margin; surface olivaceous-green to olivaceous-black. Mycelium consisting of submerged and aerial hyphae; submerged hyphae hyaline to subhyaline, thin-walled, aerial hyphae smooth or verrucose. Conidiophores straight, unbranched, rarely branched, thick-walled, dark brown (darker than the subtending hyphae), continuous or with several additional thin septa. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, polyblastic, smooth, thick-walled, golden-brown, apical part subhyaline, with sympodial proliferation, straight or flexuose, geniculate or nodose, with conspicuous conidiogenous loci; scars crowded or scattered, unthickened, unpigmented to faintly pigmented, or slightly prominent denticles. Conidia solitary, 0–1- septate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth to coarsely verrucose, rather thin-walled, obovate, obconical or globose to ellipsoidal, fusiform, with a somewhat prominent, slightly pigmented hilum; conidial secession schizolytic. Type species: R. apiculatum (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 69. 1977. Ramichloridium apiculatum (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 69. 1977. Fig. 8. Fig. 7. A. Periconiella arcuata (CBS 113477). B. Myrmecridium schulzeri (CBS 325.74). C. Thysanorea papuana (CBS 212.96). Scale bars = 10 µm. 68
Ramichloridium and allied genera Fig. 8. Ramichloridium apiculatum (CBS 156.59). A–C. Macronematous conidiophores with sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells, which give rise to a conidium-bearing rachis with crowded and prominent scars. D. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 9. Ramichloridium australiense (CBS 121710). A–C. Macronematous conidiophores with thick-walled and warted subtending hyphae. D. Sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cell, which results in a short rachis with darkened and slightly thickened scars. E. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. Ramichloridium australiense Arzanlou & Crous, sp. nov. MycoBank MB504548. Figs 9–10A. Etymology: Named after its country of origin, Australia. Ab aliis speciebus Ramichloridii conidiophoris ex hyphis verrucosis, crassitunicatis ortis distinguendum. In vitro: Submerged hyphae hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, 1–2 µm wide; aerial hyphae pale brown, warted. Conidiophores arising vertically and clearly differentiated from creeping aerial hyphae, up to 400 µm tall, with several additional thin septa; intercalary cells, 8–40 × 2–5 µm, from the broadest part at the base tapering towards the apex, subhyaline, later becoming pale brown and warted in the lower part. Subtending hyphae thick-walled, warted. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, 10–18 µm long, proliferating sympodially, www.studiesinmycology.org giving rise to a short rachis with conspicuous conidiogenous loci; scars slightly thickened and darkened, about 1 µm diam. Conidia solitary, aseptate, thin-walled, smooth, subhyaline, subcylindrical to obclavate, (10–)12–15(–23) × 2.5–3 µm, with a truncate base and a slightly darkened and thickened hilum,1.5–2 µm diam, rarely fusing at the basal part. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on MEA rather slow growing, reaching 8 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C, with entire, smooth margin; mycelium flat, olivaceous-grey, becoming granular, with gelatinous droplets at the margin developing with aging; reverse pale olivaceous-grey. Specimen examined: Australia, Queensland, Mount Lewis, Mount Lewis Road, 16°34’47.2” S, 145°19’7” E, 538 m alt., on Musa banksii leaf, Aug. 2006, P.W. Crous and B. Summerell, holotype CBS H-19928, culture ex-type CBS 121710. 69
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Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Studies in Mycology The Studies in
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CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
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lectotype for the genus by Clements
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Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 100 10 changes 65 100
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Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
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Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
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Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short
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Crous et al. Habit plant pathogenic
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Catenulostroma
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Page 70 and 71: Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Crous et al. The aim of the present
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Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epi
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 0.1 expected changes p
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Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
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Crous et al. Fig. 11. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 13. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Crous et al. Fig. 18. Cylindrosympo
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Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
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Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
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Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
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Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
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Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
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Crous et al. the conidial tips are
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Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
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Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
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Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
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Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
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Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
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Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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