The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epiphylla AY586633 Paullicorticium ansatum AY586693 100 Incertae sedis Fasciatispora petrakii AY083828 Pidoplitchkoviella terricola AF096197 Anungitopsis speciosa CBS 181.95 100 94 100 98 81 97 90 90 87 53 100 94 100 Polyscytalum fecundissimum CBS 100506 Phlogicylindrium eucalypti DQ923534 Cyphellophora laciniata CBS 190.61 Cladophialophora proteae CBS 111667 100 84 82 67 100 Phaeococcomyces catenatus AF050277 Exophiala sp. 3 CPC 12171 Exophiala sp. 3 CPC 12173 Exophiala sp. 3 CPC 12172 Glyphium elatum AF346420 67 100 “Cladosporium” adianticola DQ008144 “Cladosporium” adianticola DQ008143 Metulocladosporiella musae DQ008162 Metulocladosporiella musicola DQ008159 Thysanorea papuana EU041871 Veronaea botryosa EU041874 Ceramothyrium carniolicum AY004339 Cyphellophora hylomeconis CBS 113311 Exophiala eucalyptorum CPC 11261 98 100 100 100 Cladophialophora humicola AF050263 Cladophialophora sylvestris CBS 350.83 Cladophialophora hostae CPC 10737 Cladophialophora scillae CBS 116461 Exophiala jeanselmei AF050271 Exophiala oligosperma AF050289 Exophiala dermatitidis AF050270 Capronia mansonii AY004338 Capronia munkii AF050250 Ramichloridium mackenziei AF050288 Capronia pilosella AF050254 Exophiala sp. 1 CBS 115142 Exophiala sp. 2 CBS 115143 53 68 90 Exophiala pisciphila DQ823101 Fonsecaea pedrosoi AF050276 Ramichloridium anceps AF050285 Capronia acutiseta AF050241 Fonsecaea pedrosoi AF050275 Cladophialophora australiensis CBS 112793 Cladophialophora potulentorum CBS 115144 Cladophialophora potulentorum CBS 114772 85 89 98 100 Cladophialophora potulentorum CBS 112222 Cladophialophora carrionii AF050262 Phialophora americana AF050283 Phialophora americana AF050280 Cladophialophora chaetospira CBS 114747 Cladophialophora chaetospira CBS 514.63 Cladophialophora chaetospira CBS 491.70 Cladophialophora chaetospira CBS 115468 Sordariomycetes, Xylariomycetidae, Xylariales Chaetothyriomycetes, Chaetothyriales, Herpotrichiellaceae Fig. 1. (Page 188–189). One of 5 000 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a heuristic search with 100 random taxon additions of the LSU sequence alignment using PAUP v. 4.0b10. The scale bar shows 10 changes, and bootstrap support values from 1 000 replicates are shown at the nodes. Thickened lines indicate the strict consensus branches and ex-type sequences are printed in bold face. The tree was rooted to two sequences obtained from GenBank (Athelia epiphylla AY586633 and Paullicorticium ansatum AY586693). apex via 1–2(–3) flat-tipped, minute, denticle-like loci, 1–1.5 µm wide, 10–15 × 1.5–2 µm; scars minutely darkened and thickened, but not refractive. Conidia in extremely long chains (–60), simple or branched, subcylindrical, or narrowly ellipsoid, smooth, pale olivaceous, 0–1-septate, (7–)10–15(–20) × (1.5–)2(–2.5) µm, hila truncate, 1–1.5 µm wide, minutely thickened and darkenedrefractive. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on PDA erumpent, spreading, with smooth, undulate margins and dense aerial mycelium; surface hazel (middle), outer zone isabelline; reverse fuscous-black in middle, isabelline in outer zone. Colonies reaching 25 mm diam on SNA, and 40 mm diam on PDA after 1 mo at 25 °C in the dark; colonies fertile. Specimen examined: Korea, Pyongchang, Hosta plantaginea (Hostaceae), 20 Sep. 2003, H.D. Shin, HAL 2030 F, holotype, culture ex-type SMK 19664, CPC 10737 = CBS 121637, CPC 10738–10739. Notes: Although this species is morphologically similar to Cladophialophora scillae (Deighton) Crous, U. Braun & K. Schub. described below in this paper, C. hostae is treated as a separate taxon due to the differences in the length and width of its conidiophores and conidia in vitro, as well as 17 bp differences in the ITS DNA sequence data and a distinct ecology causing leafspots on a different, unrelated host. Based on disease symptoms caused on the living host leaves, C. hostae is a very unusual, unexpected member of the genus Cladophialophora. In vivo, the mycelium forms obvious hyphal strands and plates which are characteristic for Fusicladium species. The conidiophores and conidia are also fusicladium-like. Nevertheless, this species clusters within the Herpotrichiellaceae, i.e., it has to be placed in the genus Cladophialophora. Biotrophic species like C. hostae and C. scillae without phialidic synanamorphs render the differentiation between Cladophialophora and Fusicladium (incl. Pseudocladosporium) almost impossible without sequence data. Furthermore, the 188
Herpotrichiellaceae and Venturiaceae 10 changes Satchmopsis brasiliensis DQ195797 Neofabraea malicorticis AY544662 Protoventuria alpina CBS 140.83 Clathrosporium intricatum AY616235 Zeloasperisporium hyphopodioides CBS 218.95 96 72 94 99 86 71 65 88 59 71 73 91 66 100 99 81 95 100 100 80 Veronaeopsis simplex EU041877 Fusicladium africanum CPC 12828 Fusicladium africanum CPC 12829 Sympoventuria capensis DQ885906 Sympoventuria capensis DQ885904 Sympoventuria capensis DQ885905 100 Fusicladium amoenum CBS 254.95 Fusicladium intermedium CBS 110746 Fusicladium rhodense CPC 13156 Fusicladium pini CBS 463.82 Fusicladium ramoconidii CBS 462.82 90 100 Cylindrosympodium lauri CBS 240.95 Venturia fraxini CBS 374.55 Venturia macularis CBS 477.61 Venturia maculiformis CBS 377.53 Metacoleroa dickiei DQ384100 Venturia alpina CBS 373.53 Fusicladium fagi CBS 621.84 Venturia sp. CBS 681.74 Caproventuria hanliniana AF050290 Venturia hystrioides CBS 117727 Venturia lonicerae CBS 445.54 Venturia chlorospora CBS 466.61 Fusicladium catenosporum CBS 447.91 Venturia helvetica CBS 474.61 Venturia minuta CBS 478.61 Venturia polygoni-vivipari CBS 114207 Venturia atriseda CBS 378.49 Venturia viennotii CBS 690.85 Venturia anemones CBS 370.55 Venturia aceris CBS 372.53 Venturia cephalariae CBS 372.55 Venturia tremulae var. tremulae CBS 257.38 Venturia ditricha CBS 118894 Venturia populina CBS 256.38 Venturia atriseda CBS 371.55 Venturia inaequalis CBS 535.76 Fusicladium pomi CBS 309.31 Venturia chlorospora CBS 470.61 Fusicladium mandshuricum CBS 112235 Venturia tremulae var. grandidentatae CBS 695.85 Venturia tremulae var. populi-albae CBS 694.85 Fusicladium radiosum CBS 112625 Venturia saliciperda CBS 214.27 Venturia saliciperda CBS 480.61 Fusicladium convolvularum CBS 112706 Fusicladium oleagineum CBS 113427 Fusicladium phillyreae CBS 113539 Venturia nashicola CBS 793.84 Venturia pyrina CBS 120825 Venturia pyrina CBS 331.65 Venturia aucupariae CBS 365.35 Venturia crataegi CBS 368.35 Apiosporina collinsii CPC 12229 Fusicladium effusum CPC 4524 Fusicladium effusum CPC 4525 60 91 Venturia carpophila AY849967 Fusicladium carpophilum CBS 497.62 Venturia cerasi CBS 444.54 Leotiomycetes, Helotiales Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Venturiaceae Fig 1. (Continued). morphology of C. hostae in vivo and in vitro shows remarkable differences in conidiophore morphology, i.e., the growth in vivo is characteristically fusicladium-like (conidiophores macronematous, long, septate), whereas habit in vitro is rather pseudocladosporiumlike (conidiophores less developed, usually reduced to conidiogenous cells, short). However, several Fusicladium species have also been observed to exibit a Pseudocladosporium growth habit in culture, suggesting this growth plasticity to be rather common, and strongly influenced by growth conditions. Cladophialophora humicola Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov. MycoBank MB504528. Figs 7–8. www.studiesinmycology.org Etymology: Named after its ecology, namely occurring in soil. Cladophialophorae bantianae similis, sed conidiis majoribus, (8–)11–14(–17) × (1.5–)2(–2.5) µm, locis conidiogenis et hilis angustioribus, 1–1.5 µm latis. In vitro: Mycelium composed of branched, smooth, pale olivaceous to pale brown hyphae, frequently forming hyphal coils, prominently guttulate, not to slightly constricted at the septa, 1–2 µm wide, cells somewhat uneven in width. Conidiophores solitary, mostly inconspicuous and integrated in hyphae, varying from inconspicuously truncate lateral loci on hyphal cells, 1–1.5 µm wide, to occasionally terminal conidiophores, 0–3-septate, subcylindrical, proliferating sympodially, 10–30 × 1.5–3 µm, pale brown, smooth. 189
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Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Studies in Mycology The Studies in
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CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
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lectotype for the genus by Clements
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Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 100 10 changes 65 100
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Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
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Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
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Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short
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Crous et al. Habit plant pathogenic
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Catenulostroma
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Crous et al. system, consisting of
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Crous et al. Fig. 9. Penidiella col
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Penidiella ri
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Crous et al. conidiophores, about 1
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Crous et al. have conidiomata rangi
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Crous et al. Schizothyriaceae clade
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Crous et al. Fig. 21. Stigmidium sc
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Crous et al. Gams W, Verkley GJM, C
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. 100 61 100 52 100 10 c
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Crous et al. Fig. 3. Rachicladospor
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Crous et al. Fig. 4. Toxicocladospo
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Crous et al. Fig. 5. Verrucocladosp
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Stenella aragu
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Crous et al. Helotiales, incertae s
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Crous et al. Fig. 10. Ochrocladospo
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Rhizocladospo
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Crous et al. 7. Conidiophores unbra
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Crous et al. 33. Terminal conidioge
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Crous et al. Crous PW, Kang JC, Bra
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Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
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Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
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Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
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Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 3. Periconiell
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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 10. A. Ramichl
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Arzanlou et al. Ramichloridium musa
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 20. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveron
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Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Page 148 and 149: Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Page 170 and 171: Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
Page 196 and 197: Crous et al. The aim of the present
Page 200 and 201: Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
Page 202 and 203: Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Page 206 and 207: Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
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Page 212 and 213: Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Page 216 and 217: Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
Page 218 and 219: Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
Page 220 and 221: Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
Page 222 and 223: Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
Page 224 and 225: Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
Page 226 and 227: Crous et al. the conidial tips are
Page 230 and 231: Cladophialophora carrionii complex
Page 246 and 247: Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
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Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
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Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
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Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
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Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
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Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
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Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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