The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Crous et al. Fig. 7. Stenella araguata (syntype material, IMI 34905). A. Leaf spot. B. Conidiophore, conidia and verruculose hypha on leaf surface. C–D. Conidiophore with terminal conidiogenous cells. E–G. Ramoconidia and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. or branched, 20–40 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal or lateral, unbranched, medium brown, finely verruculose, tapering to slightly or flat-tipped loci, proliferating sympodially, 5–20 × 3–4 µm; scars thickened, darkened and refractive. Conidia solitary or catenulate, in simple chains, medium brown, verruculose, subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, apex obtuse, base bluntly rounded with truncate hilum, straight, 0–3-septate, (7–)13–20(–25) × 3(–3.5) µm; hila thickened, darkened, refractive, 1–1.5 µm wide. Description based on CBS 105.75 (Fig. 8): Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, verruculose, medium brown, 2–4 µm wide hyphae. Conidiomata brown, superficial, sporodochial, up to 200 µm diam Conidiophores solitary, erect, micro- to macronematous, 1–12- septate, subcylindrical, straight to geniculate-sinuous or irregularly curved, 10–70 × 3–4 µm; frequently swollen and constricted at septa, thick-walled, medium brown, verruculose. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical, straight, but frequently branched laterally, 6–20 × 3–4 µm, with 1–3 flat-tipped loci that can be subdenticulate, 1.5–2 µm wide, somewhat darkened and thickened, not prominently refractive. Conidia medium brown, thickwalled, verruculose, septa becoming darkly pigmented, occurring in branched chains. Ramoconidia subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, 12–25 × 3.5–4(–5) µm, 1(–4)-septate. Conidia occurring in short chains (–8), subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, 0–1(–3)-septate, (7–)10–15(–20) × (2–)3–3.5(–4) µm; hila somewhat thickened, darkened but not refractive, 1.5–2(–2.5) µm wide. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on OA erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, even margins; olivaceousgrey (surface); on PDA olivaceous-black (surface), margins feathery, uneven, with moderate aerial mycelium; reverse iron-grey. Colonies reaching 20 mm diam after 1 mo at 25°C in the dark on OA. Specimens examined: Venezuela, Aragua, La Victoria, on leaf spots of Pithecellobium lanceolatum (Mimosaceae), Jan. 1928, H. Sydow, lectotype of S. araguata (selected here!) IMI 15728(a); 3 Feb. 1928, syntype of S. araguata, IMI 34905. Venezuela, isolated from man with tinea nigra, 1973, D. Borelli, holotype of C. castellanii, IMI 183818, culture ex-type CBS 105.75. Notes: Stenella araguata is a leaf spot pathogen of Pithecellobium in Venezuela, and represents the type species of the genus Stenella [Two collections were cited, viz. no. 407, ‘La Victoria’, and no. 370, ‘inter La Victoria et Suata’, both without any date, and without any specific type indication. Thus, the two collections have to be considered syntypes. The two IMI collections with different dates are parts of the syntypes, of which IMI 15728(a) is proposed here to serve as lectotype]. Stenella araguata was incorrectly seen as a species of Cladosporium by von Arx (1974), which has recently been morphologically circumscribed (Braun et al. 2003, Schubert et al. 2007b – this volume), and is linked to Davidiella teleomorphs. In a study by McGinnis & Padhye (1978), Cladosporium castellanii (tinea nigra of human in Venezuela) was shown to be synonymous to Stenella araguata (leaf spots of Pithecellobium lanceolatum in Venezuela). In the present study we re-examined the ex-type strain of C. castellanii (CBS 105.75), and found conidia to be 0–1(–3)-septate, (7–)10–15(–20) × (2–)3–3.5(–4) µm, while those of the type specimen of S. araguata were similar, namely 0–3-septate, (7–)13–20(–25) × 3(–3.5) µm. Furthermore, both collections have verruculose hyphae, which is the primary feature distinguishing Stenella from Passalora Fr. (Crous & Braun 2003). 44
Cladosporium and morphologically similar genera Fig. 8. Stenella araguata (CBS 105.75). A–B. Conidiophore fascicles on a pine needle and tap-water agar, respectively. C–D, G. Conidiophores giving rise to conidial chains. E–F, H–J. Conidial chains with ramoconidia and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Stenella has always been used for anamorphs of Mycosphaerella (Crous et al. 2004, 2006c), and the fact that it belongs to Teratosphaeria (Teratosphaeriaceae), and not Mycosphaerella (Mycosphaerellaceae), raised the question of how to treat stenellalike anamorphs in Mycosphaerella. Due to insufficient availability of cultures (Crous et al. 2000, 2001), the status of Stenella was left unresolved (Crous & Braun 2003). Presently (Crous & Groenewald, unpubl. data), it is clear that the stenella-like morphology type is polyphyletic within the Mycosphaerellaceae, and paraphyletic within the Capnodiales. Several species are known that represent morphological transitions between Stenella and Passalora. It seems logical, therefore, that future studies should favour using Passalora to also accommodate Mycosphaerella anamorphs with superficial, verruculose hyphae, which have traditionally been placed in Stenella. This is in spite of the fact that there are other generic names available within the Mycosphaerellaceae for taxa with a stenella-like morphology (pigmented structures, darkened, thickened, refractive scars, and superficial, verruculose mycelium), namely Zasmidium Fr. (1849) (see Arzanlou et al. 2007 – this volume), and Verrucisporota D.E. Shaw & Alcorn (1993). Based on the phylogenetic position of the type species, Stenella s. str. is an anamorph of Teratosphaeria (Teratosphaeriaceae). Using the generic concept as employed in this volume of the Studies in Mycology, however, the anamorph genus is accepted as being poly- and paraphyletic within the order Capnodiales. www.studiesinmycology.org 45
Page 1:
Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
Page 4 and 5:
Studies in Mycology The Studies in
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
Page 9 and 10: lectotype for the genus by Clements
Page 11: Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
Page 14 and 15: Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
Page 16 and 17: Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
Page 18 and 19: Crous et al. 100 10 changes 65 100
Page 20 and 21: Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
Page 22 and 23: Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
Page 24 and 25: Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short
Page 26 and 27: Crous et al. Habit plant pathogenic
Page 28 and 29: Crous et al. Fig. 7. Catenulostroma
Page 30 and 31: Crous et al. system, consisting of
Page 32 and 33: Crous et al. Fig. 9. Penidiella col
Page 34 and 35: Crous et al. Fig. 12. Penidiella ri
Page 36 and 37: Crous et al. conidiophores, about 1
Page 38 and 39: Crous et al. have conidiomata rangi
Page 40 and 41: Crous et al. Schizothyriaceae clade
Page 42 and 43: Crous et al. Fig. 21. Stigmidium sc
Page 44 and 45: Crous et al. Gams W, Verkley GJM, C
Page 46 and 47: Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
Page 48 and 49: Crous et al. 100 61 100 52 100 10 c
Page 50 and 51: Crous et al. Fig. 3. Rachicladospor
Page 52 and 53: Crous et al. Fig. 4. Toxicocladospo
Page 54 and 55: Crous et al. Fig. 5. Verrucocladosp
Page 58 and 59: Crous et al. Helotiales, incertae s
Page 60 and 61: Crous et al. Fig. 10. Ochrocladospo
Page 62 and 63: Crous et al. Fig. 12. Rhizocladospo
Page 64 and 65: Crous et al. 7. Conidiophores unbra
Page 66 and 67: Crous et al. 33. Terminal conidioge
Page 68 and 69: Crous et al. Crous PW, Kang JC, Bra
Page 70 and 71: Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
Page 72 and 73: Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
Page 74 and 75: Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
Page 76 and 77: Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
Page 78 and 79: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 3. Periconiell
Page 80 and 81: Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
Page 82 and 83: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 10. A. Ramichl
Page 84 and 85: Arzanlou et al. Ramichloridium musa
Page 88 and 89: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 20. Rhinocladi
Page 90 and 91: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
Page 92 and 93: Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
Page 94 and 95: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
Page 98 and 99: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
Page 100 and 101: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
Page 102 and 103: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveron
Page 104 and 105: Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
Page 106 and 107:
available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 108 and 109:
Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
Page 110 and 111:
Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
Page 112 and 113:
Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
Page 114 and 115:
Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Cladosporium herbarum species compl
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Crous et al. The aim of the present
Page 198 and 199:
Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epi
Page 200 and 201:
Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
Page 202 and 203:
Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
Page 204 and 205:
Crous et al. 0.1 expected changes p
Page 206 and 207:
Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
Page 208 and 209:
Crous et al. Fig. 11. Cladophialoph
Page 210 and 211:
Crous et al. Fig. 13. Cladophialoph
Page 212 and 213:
Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
Page 214 and 215:
Crous et al. Fig. 18. Cylindrosympo
Page 216 and 217:
Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
Page 218 and 219:
Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
Page 220 and 221:
Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
Page 222 and 223:
Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
Page 224 and 225:
Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
Page 226 and 227:
Crous et al. the conidial tips are
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Cladophialophora carrionii complex
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
Page 258 and 259:
Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
Page 260 and 261:
Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
Page 262:
Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
show all

The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?