The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Stenella araguata (syntype material, IMI 34905). A. Leaf spot. B. Conidiophore, conidia and verruculose hypha on leaf surface. C–D. Conidiophore with terminal conidiogenous cells. E–G. Ramoconidia and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. or branched, 20–40 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal or lateral, unbranched, medium brown, finely verruculose, tapering to slightly or flat-tipped loci, proliferating sympodially, 5–20 × 3–4 µm; scars thickened, darkened and refractive. Conidia solitary or catenulate, in simple chains, medium brown, verruculose, subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, apex obtuse, base bluntly rounded with truncate hilum, straight, 0–3-septate, (7–)13–20(–25) × 3(–3.5) µm; hila thickened, darkened, refractive, 1–1.5 µm wide. Description based on CBS 105.75 (Fig. 8): Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, verruculose, medium brown, 2–4 µm wide hyphae. Conidiomata brown, superficial, sporodochial, up to 200 µm diam Conidiophores solitary, erect, micro- to macronematous, 1–12- septate, subcylindrical, straight to geniculate-sinuous or irregularly curved, 10–70 × 3–4 µm; frequently swollen and constricted at septa, thick-walled, medium brown, verruculose. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical, straight, but frequently branched laterally, 6–20 × 3–4 µm, with 1–3 flat-tipped loci that can be subdenticulate, 1.5–2 µm wide, somewhat darkened and thickened, not prominently refractive. Conidia medium brown, thickwalled, verruculose, septa becoming darkly pigmented, occurring in branched chains. Ramoconidia subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, 12–25 × 3.5–4(–5) µm, 1(–4)-septate. Conidia occurring in short chains (–8), subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, 0–1(–3)-septate, (7–)10–15(–20) × (2–)3–3.5(–4) µm; hila somewhat thickened, darkened but not refractive, 1.5–2(–2.5) µm wide. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on OA erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, even margins; olivaceousgrey (surface); on PDA olivaceous-black (surface), margins feathery, uneven, with moderate aerial mycelium; reverse iron-grey. Colonies reaching 20 mm diam after 1 mo at 25°C in the dark on OA. Specimens examined: Venezuela, Aragua, La Victoria, on leaf spots of Pithecellobium lanceolatum (Mimosaceae), Jan. 1928, H. Sydow, lectotype of S. araguata (selected here!) IMI 15728(a); 3 Feb. 1928, syntype of S. araguata, IMI 34905. Venezuela, isolated from man with tinea nigra, 1973, D. Borelli, holotype of C. castellanii, IMI 183818, culture ex-type CBS 105.75. Notes: Stenella araguata is a leaf spot pathogen of Pithecellobium in Venezuela, and represents the type species of the genus Stenella [Two collections were cited, viz. no. 407, ‘La Victoria’, and no. 370, ‘inter La Victoria et Suata’, both without any date, and without any specific type indication. Thus, the two collections have to be considered syntypes. The two IMI collections with different dates are parts of the syntypes, of which IMI 15728(a) is proposed here to serve as lectotype]. Stenella araguata was incorrectly seen as a species of Cladosporium by von Arx (1974), which has recently been morphologically circumscribed (Braun et al. 2003, Schubert et al. 2007b – this volume), and is linked to Davidiella teleomorphs. In a study by McGinnis & Padhye (1978), Cladosporium castellanii (tinea nigra of human in Venezuela) was shown to be synonymous to Stenella araguata (leaf spots of Pithecellobium lanceolatum in Venezuela). In the present study we re-examined the ex-type strain of C. castellanii (CBS 105.75), and found conidia to be 0–1(–3)-septate, (7–)10–15(–20) × (2–)3–3.5(–4) µm, while those of the type specimen of S. araguata were similar, namely 0–3-septate, (7–)13–20(–25) × 3(–3.5) µm. Furthermore, both collections have verruculose hyphae, which is the primary feature distinguishing Stenella from Passalora Fr. (Crous & Braun 2003). 44
Cladosporium and morphologically similar genera Fig. 8. Stenella araguata (CBS 105.75). A–B. Conidiophore fascicles on a pine needle and tap-water agar, respectively. C–D, G. Conidiophores giving rise to conidial chains. E–F, H–J. Conidial chains with ramoconidia and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Stenella has always been used for anamorphs of Mycosphaerella (Crous et al. 2004, 2006c), and the fact that it belongs to Teratosphaeria (Teratosphaeriaceae), and not Mycosphaerella (Mycosphaerellaceae), raised the question of how to treat stenellalike anamorphs in Mycosphaerella. Due to insufficient availability of cultures (Crous et al. 2000, 2001), the status of Stenella was left unresolved (Crous & Braun 2003). Presently (Crous & Groenewald, unpubl. data), it is clear that the stenella-like morphology type is polyphyletic within the Mycosphaerellaceae, and paraphyletic within the Capnodiales. Several species are known that represent morphological transitions between Stenella and Passalora. It seems logical, therefore, that future studies should favour using Passalora to also accommodate Mycosphaerella anamorphs with superficial, verruculose hyphae, which have traditionally been placed in Stenella. This is in spite of the fact that there are other generic names available within the Mycosphaerellaceae for taxa with a stenella-like morphology (pigmented structures, darkened, thickened, refractive scars, and superficial, verruculose mycelium), namely Zasmidium Fr. (1849) (see Arzanlou et al. 2007 – this volume), and Verrucisporota D.E. Shaw & Alcorn (1993). Based on the phylogenetic position of the type species, Stenella s. str. is an anamorph of Teratosphaeria (Teratosphaeriaceae). Using the generic concept as employed in this volume of the Studies in Mycology, however, the anamorph genus is accepted as being poly- and paraphyletic within the order Capnodiales. www.studiesinmycology.org 45
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Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Studies in Mycology The Studies in
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
Page 9 and 10: lectotype for the genus by Clements
Page 11: Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Page 70 and 71: Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
Page 72 and 73: Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
Page 74 and 75: Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
Page 76 and 77: Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Crous et al. The aim of the present
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Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epi
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 0.1 expected changes p
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Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
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Crous et al. Fig. 11. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 13. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
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Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
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Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
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Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
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Crous et al. the conidial tips are
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Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
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Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
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Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
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Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
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Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
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Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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