The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveronaea varioseptata (CBS 431.88). A–D. Macronematous conidiophores with sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells, resulting in conidium bearing rachis with slightly prominent conidium-bearing denticles. E–F. Conidia with minute marginal frill. Scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 35. Veronaeopsis simplex (CBS 588.66). A–C. Conidial apparatus at different stages of development, resulting in semi-micronematous conidiophores and sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells. D–E. Rachis with crowded, prominent denticles. F. Intercalary conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. walled, pale brown, rachis straight, occasionally geniculate, with crowded, slightly prominent conidium-bearing denticles; denticles flat-tipped, slightly pigmented. Conidia solitary, pale brown, thinor slightly thick-walled, smooth, ellipsoidal to obovoidal, 0–multiseptate, with a protruding base and a marginal basal frill; conidial secession schizolytic. Type species: Rhodoveronaea varioseptata Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, sp. nov. Notes: Rhodoveronaea differs from other ramichloridium-like fungi by the presence of a basal, marginal conidial frill, and variably septate conidia. 90
Ramichloridium and allied genera Rhodoveronaea varioseptata Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, sp. nov. MycoBank MB504570. Figs 10D, 34. Etymology: Named for its variably septate conidia. Hyphae 2–3 µm latae. Conidiophora ad 125 µm longa et 3–5 µm lata. Cellulae conidiogenae 30–70 µm longae et 3–5 µm latae. Conidia 0–2(–3)-septata, (8–)11– 13(–15) × (2–)3–4(–6) µm. In vitro: Submerged hyphae smooth, thin-walled, pale olivaceous, 2–3 µm wide; aerial hyphae smooth, brownish and slightly narrower. Conidiophores arising vertically from creeping hyphae, straight or flexuose, simple, smooth, thick-walled, red-brown, up to 125 µm long, 3–5 µm wide, often with inflated basal cell. Conidiogenous cells terminally integrated, smooth, thick-walled, pale brown at the base, paler towards the apex, straight, variable in length, 30–70 µm long and 3–5 µm wide, rachis straight, occasionally geniculate; slightly prominent conidium-bearing denticles, crowded, with slightly pigmented apex, about 1 µm diam. Conidia solitary, pale brown, thin- or slightly thick-walled, smooth, ellipsoid to obovoid, 0–2(–3)- septate, (8–)11–13(–15) × (2–)3–4(–6) µm with a protruding base, 1.5 µm wide, and marginal frill. Cultural characteristics: Colonies reaching 12 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C, velvety, floccose; surface olivaceous-grey to dark olivaceous-green; reverse olivaceous-black. Specimen examined: Germany, Eifel, Berndorf, on Bertia moriformis, Sep. 1987, W. Gams, holotype CBS-H 19932, culture ex-type CBS 431.88. Venturiaceae (Pleosporales) The ex-type strain of Veronaea simplex (Papendorf 1969) did not cluster with the genus Veronaea (Herpotrichiellaceae), but is allied to the Venturiaceae. Veronaea simplex is distinct from species of Fusicladium Bonord. by having a well-developed rachis with densely aggregated scars. A new genus is thus introduced to accommodate this taxon. Veronaeopsis Arzanlou & Crous, gen. nov. MycoBank MB504571. Etymology: The suffix -opsis refers to its similarity with Veronaea. Genus Veronaeae simile sed conidiophoris brevioribus (ad 60 μm longis) et rachide dense denticulata distinguendum. In vitro: Colonies moderately fast-growing; surface velvety, floccose, greyish sepia to hazel, with smooth margin; reverse mouse-grey to dark mouse-grey. Conidiophores arising vertically from aerial hyphae, lateral or intercalary, simple or branched, occasionally reduced to conidiogenous cells, pale brown. Conidiogenous cells terminally integrated on simple or branched conidiophores, polyblastic, smooth, thin-walled, pale brown; rachis commonly straight, geniculate, with densely crowded, prominent denticles, and slightly pigmented scars. Conidia solitary, subhyaline to pale brown, thin- or slightly thick-walled, smooth, oblong-ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, (0–)1-septate, with a slightly darkened, thickened, hilum; conidial secession schizolytic. Type species: Veronaeopsis simplex (Papendorf) Arzanlou & Crous, comb. nov. Veronaeopsis simplex (Papendorf) Arzanlou & Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank MB504572. Figs 17C, 35. Basionym: Veronaea simplex Papendorf, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 52: 486. 1969. www.studiesinmycology.org In vitro: Submerged hyphae smooth, thin-walled, pale brown; aerial hyphae aggregated in bundles. Conidiophores arising vertically from aerial hyphae, lateral or intercalary, simple or branched, occasionally reduced to conidiogenous cells, pale brown, rather short, up to 60 µm long, 1.5–2 µm wide. Conidiogenous cells terminally integrated in the conidiophores, smooth, thin-walled, pale brown, variable in length, 5–25 µm long, rachis generally straight or irregularly geniculate, with crowded, prominent denticles, about 0.5 µm long, flat-tipped, with slightly pigmented apex. Conidia solitary, subhyaline to pale brown, thin- or slightly thick-walled, smooth, oblong-ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, (0–)1-septate, slightly constricted at the septum, (6–)10–12(–15) × (2–)2.5–3(–4) µm; hilum slightly darkened and thickened, not refractive, about 1 µm diam. Cultural characteristics: Colonies reaching 25 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C; surface velvety, floccose, greyish sepia to hazel, with smooth margin; reverse mouse-grey to dark mouse-grey. Specimen examined: South Africa, Potchefstroom, on leaf litter of Acacia karroo, 1966, M.C. Papendorf, holotype, CBS H-7810; culture ex-type CBS 588.66 = IMI 203547. Notes: The presence of 1-septate conidia in Veronaeopsis overlaps with Veronaea. However, Veronaeopsis differs from Veronaea based on its conidiophore and conidiogenous cell morphology. Veronaea has much longer, macronematous conidiophores than Veronaeopsis. Furthermore, Veronaea has a more or less straight rachis, whereas in Veronaeopsis the rachis is often geniculate. The conidiogenous loci in Veronaea are less prominent, i.e., less denticle-like. Discussion The present study was initiated chiefly to clarify the status of Ramichloridium musae, the causal organism of tropical speckle disease of banana (Jones 2000). Much confusion surrounded this name in the past, relating, respectively, to its validation, species and generic status. As was revealed in the present study, however, two species are involved in banana speckle disease, namely R. musae and R. biverticillatum. Even more surprising was the fact that Ramichloridium comprises anamorphs of Mycosphaerella Johanson (Mycosphaerellaceae), though no teleomorphs have thus far been conclusively linked to any species of Ramichloridium. By investigating the Ramichloridium generic complex as outlined by de Hoog (1977), another genus associated with leaf spots, namely Periconiella, was also shown to represent an anamorph of Mycosphaerella. Although no teleomorph connections have been proven for ramichloridium-like taxa, de Hoog et al. (1983) refer to the type specimen of Wentiomyces javanicus Koord. (Pseudoperisporiaceae), on the type specimen of which (PC) some ramichloridium-like conidiophores were seen. Without fresh material and an anamorph-teleomorph connection proven in culture, however, this matter cannot be investigated further. It is interesting to note, however, that Wentiomyces Koord. shows a strong resemblance to Mycosphaerella, except for the external perithecial appendages. The genus Mycosphaerella is presently one of the largest genera of ascomycetes, containing close to 3 000 names (Aptroot 2006), to which approximately 30 anamorph genera have already been linked (Crous et al. 2006a, b, 2007). By adding two additional anamorph genera, the Mycosphaerella complex appears to be expanding 91
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Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Studies in Mycology The Studies in
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CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
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lectotype for the genus by Clements
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Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 100 10 changes 65 100
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Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
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Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
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Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short
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Crous et al. Habit plant pathogenic
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Catenulostroma
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Crous et al. system, consisting of
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Crous et al. Fig. 9. Penidiella col
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Penidiella ri
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Crous et al. conidiophores, about 1
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Crous et al. have conidiomata rangi
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Crous et al. Schizothyriaceae clade
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Crous et al. Fig. 21. Stigmidium sc
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Crous et al. Gams W, Verkley GJM, C
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. 100 61 100 52 100 10 c
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Crous et al. Fig. 3. Rachicladospor
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Page 70 and 71: Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
Page 72 and 73: Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
Page 74 and 75: Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
Page 76 and 77: Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
Page 78 and 79: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 3. Periconiell
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Page 92 and 93: Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
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Page 100 and 101: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
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Page 108 and 109: Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
Page 110 and 111: Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
Page 112 and 113: Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Page 118 and 119: Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Crous et al. The aim of the present
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Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epi
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 0.1 expected changes p
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Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
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Crous et al. Fig. 11. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 13. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Crous et al. Fig. 18. Cylindrosympo
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Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
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Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
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Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
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Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
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Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
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Crous et al. the conidial tips are
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Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
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Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
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Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
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Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
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Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
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Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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