The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveronaea varioseptata (CBS 431.88). A–D. Macronematous conidiophores with sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells, resulting in conidium bearing rachis with slightly prominent conidium-bearing denticles. E–F. Conidia with minute marginal frill. Scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 35. Veronaeopsis simplex (CBS 588.66). A–C. Conidial apparatus at different stages of development, resulting in semi-micronematous conidiophores and sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells. D–E. Rachis with crowded, prominent denticles. F. Intercalary conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. walled, pale brown, rachis straight, occasionally geniculate, with crowded, slightly prominent conidium-bearing denticles; denticles flat-tipped, slightly pigmented. Conidia solitary, pale brown, thinor slightly thick-walled, smooth, ellipsoidal to obovoidal, 0–multiseptate, with a protruding base and a marginal basal frill; conidial secession schizolytic. Type species: Rhodoveronaea varioseptata Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, sp. nov. Notes: Rhodoveronaea differs from other ramichloridium-like fungi by the presence of a basal, marginal conidial frill, and variably septate conidia. 90
Ramichloridium and allied genera Rhodoveronaea varioseptata Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, sp. nov. MycoBank MB504570. Figs 10D, 34. Etymology: Named for its variably septate conidia. Hyphae 2–3 µm latae. Conidiophora ad 125 µm longa et 3–5 µm lata. Cellulae conidiogenae 30–70 µm longae et 3–5 µm latae. Conidia 0–2(–3)-septata, (8–)11– 13(–15) × (2–)3–4(–6) µm. In vitro: Submerged hyphae smooth, thin-walled, pale olivaceous, 2–3 µm wide; aerial hyphae smooth, brownish and slightly narrower. Conidiophores arising vertically from creeping hyphae, straight or flexuose, simple, smooth, thick-walled, red-brown, up to 125 µm long, 3–5 µm wide, often with inflated basal cell. Conidiogenous cells terminally integrated, smooth, thick-walled, pale brown at the base, paler towards the apex, straight, variable in length, 30–70 µm long and 3–5 µm wide, rachis straight, occasionally geniculate; slightly prominent conidium-bearing denticles, crowded, with slightly pigmented apex, about 1 µm diam. Conidia solitary, pale brown, thin- or slightly thick-walled, smooth, ellipsoid to obovoid, 0–2(–3)- septate, (8–)11–13(–15) × (2–)3–4(–6) µm with a protruding base, 1.5 µm wide, and marginal frill. Cultural characteristics: Colonies reaching 12 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C, velvety, floccose; surface olivaceous-grey to dark olivaceous-green; reverse olivaceous-black. Specimen examined: Germany, Eifel, Berndorf, on Bertia moriformis, Sep. 1987, W. Gams, holotype CBS-H 19932, culture ex-type CBS 431.88. Venturiaceae (Pleosporales) The ex-type strain of Veronaea simplex (Papendorf 1969) did not cluster with the genus Veronaea (Herpotrichiellaceae), but is allied to the Venturiaceae. Veronaea simplex is distinct from species of Fusicladium Bonord. by having a well-developed rachis with densely aggregated scars. A new genus is thus introduced to accommodate this taxon. Veronaeopsis Arzanlou & Crous, gen. nov. MycoBank MB504571. Etymology: The suffix -opsis refers to its similarity with Veronaea. Genus Veronaeae simile sed conidiophoris brevioribus (ad 60 μm longis) et rachide dense denticulata distinguendum. In vitro: Colonies moderately fast-growing; surface velvety, floccose, greyish sepia to hazel, with smooth margin; reverse mouse-grey to dark mouse-grey. Conidiophores arising vertically from aerial hyphae, lateral or intercalary, simple or branched, occasionally reduced to conidiogenous cells, pale brown. Conidiogenous cells terminally integrated on simple or branched conidiophores, polyblastic, smooth, thin-walled, pale brown; rachis commonly straight, geniculate, with densely crowded, prominent denticles, and slightly pigmented scars. Conidia solitary, subhyaline to pale brown, thin- or slightly thick-walled, smooth, oblong-ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, (0–)1-septate, with a slightly darkened, thickened, hilum; conidial secession schizolytic. Type species: Veronaeopsis simplex (Papendorf) Arzanlou & Crous, comb. nov. Veronaeopsis simplex (Papendorf) Arzanlou & Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank MB504572. Figs 17C, 35. Basionym: Veronaea simplex Papendorf, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 52: 486. 1969. www.studiesinmycology.org In vitro: Submerged hyphae smooth, thin-walled, pale brown; aerial hyphae aggregated in bundles. Conidiophores arising vertically from aerial hyphae, lateral or intercalary, simple or branched, occasionally reduced to conidiogenous cells, pale brown, rather short, up to 60 µm long, 1.5–2 µm wide. Conidiogenous cells terminally integrated in the conidiophores, smooth, thin-walled, pale brown, variable in length, 5–25 µm long, rachis generally straight or irregularly geniculate, with crowded, prominent denticles, about 0.5 µm long, flat-tipped, with slightly pigmented apex. Conidia solitary, subhyaline to pale brown, thin- or slightly thick-walled, smooth, oblong-ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, (0–)1-septate, slightly constricted at the septum, (6–)10–12(–15) × (2–)2.5–3(–4) µm; hilum slightly darkened and thickened, not refractive, about 1 µm diam. Cultural characteristics: Colonies reaching 25 mm diam after 14 d at 24 °C; surface velvety, floccose, greyish sepia to hazel, with smooth margin; reverse mouse-grey to dark mouse-grey. Specimen examined: South Africa, Potchefstroom, on leaf litter of Acacia karroo, 1966, M.C. Papendorf, holotype, CBS H-7810; culture ex-type CBS 588.66 = IMI 203547. Notes: The presence of 1-septate conidia in Veronaeopsis overlaps with Veronaea. However, Veronaeopsis differs from Veronaea based on its conidiophore and conidiogenous cell morphology. Veronaea has much longer, macronematous conidiophores than Veronaeopsis. Furthermore, Veronaea has a more or less straight rachis, whereas in Veronaeopsis the rachis is often geniculate. The conidiogenous loci in Veronaea are less prominent, i.e., less denticle-like. Discussion The present study was initiated chiefly to clarify the status of Ramichloridium musae, the causal organism of tropical speckle disease of banana (Jones 2000). Much confusion surrounded this name in the past, relating, respectively, to its validation, species and generic status. As was revealed in the present study, however, two species are involved in banana speckle disease, namely R. musae and R. biverticillatum. Even more surprising was the fact that Ramichloridium comprises anamorphs of Mycosphaerella Johanson (Mycosphaerellaceae), though no teleomorphs have thus far been conclusively linked to any species of Ramichloridium. By investigating the Ramichloridium generic complex as outlined by de Hoog (1977), another genus associated with leaf spots, namely Periconiella, was also shown to represent an anamorph of Mycosphaerella. Although no teleomorph connections have been proven for ramichloridium-like taxa, de Hoog et al. (1983) refer to the type specimen of Wentiomyces javanicus Koord. (Pseudoperisporiaceae), on the type specimen of which (PC) some ramichloridium-like conidiophores were seen. Without fresh material and an anamorph-teleomorph connection proven in culture, however, this matter cannot be investigated further. It is interesting to note, however, that Wentiomyces Koord. shows a strong resemblance to Mycosphaerella, except for the external perithecial appendages. The genus Mycosphaerella is presently one of the largest genera of ascomycetes, containing close to 3 000 names (Aptroot 2006), to which approximately 30 anamorph genera have already been linked (Crous et al. 2006a, b, 2007). By adding two additional anamorph genera, the Mycosphaerella complex appears to be expanding 91
Page 1:
Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
Page 4 and 5:
Studies in Mycology The Studies in
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
Page 9 and 10:
lectotype for the genus by Clements
Page 11:
Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
Page 14 and 15:
Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
Page 16 and 17:
Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
Page 18 and 19:
Crous et al. 100 10 changes 65 100
Page 20 and 21:
Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
Page 22 and 23:
Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
Page 24 and 25:
Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short
Page 26 and 27:
Crous et al. Habit plant pathogenic
Page 28 and 29:
Crous et al. Fig. 7. Catenulostroma
Page 30 and 31:
Crous et al. system, consisting of
Page 32 and 33:
Crous et al. Fig. 9. Penidiella col
Page 34 and 35:
Crous et al. Fig. 12. Penidiella ri
Page 36 and 37:
Crous et al. conidiophores, about 1
Page 38 and 39:
Crous et al. have conidiomata rangi
Page 40 and 41:
Crous et al. Schizothyriaceae clade
Page 42 and 43:
Crous et al. Fig. 21. Stigmidium sc
Page 44 and 45:
Crous et al. Gams W, Verkley GJM, C
Page 46 and 47:
Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
Page 48 and 49:
Crous et al. 100 61 100 52 100 10 c
Page 50 and 51:
Crous et al. Fig. 3. Rachicladospor
Page 52 and 53: Crous et al. Fig. 4. Toxicocladospo
Page 54 and 55: Crous et al. Fig. 5. Verrucocladosp
Page 56 and 57: Crous et al. Fig. 7. Stenella aragu
Page 58 and 59: Crous et al. Helotiales, incertae s
Page 60 and 61: Crous et al. Fig. 10. Ochrocladospo
Page 62 and 63: Crous et al. Fig. 12. Rhizocladospo
Page 64 and 65: Crous et al. 7. Conidiophores unbra
Page 66 and 67: Crous et al. 33. Terminal conidioge
Page 68 and 69: Crous et al. Crous PW, Kang JC, Bra
Page 70 and 71: Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
Page 72 and 73: Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
Page 74 and 75: Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
Page 76 and 77: Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
Page 78 and 79: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 3. Periconiell
Page 80 and 81: Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
Page 82 and 83: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 10. A. Ramichl
Page 84 and 85: Arzanlou et al. Ramichloridium musa
Page 88 and 89: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 20. Rhinocladi
Page 90 and 91: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
Page 92 and 93: Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
Page 94 and 95: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
Page 98 and 99: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
Page 100 and 101: Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
Page 104 and 105: Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
Page 106 and 107: available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 108 and 109: Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
Page 110 and 111: Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
Page 112 and 113: Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
Page 114 and 115: Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
Page 116 and 117: available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 118 and 119: Cladosporium herbarum species compl
Page 152 and 153:
Cladosporium herbarum species compl
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 170 and 171:
Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Crous et al. The aim of the present
Page 198 and 199:
Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epi
Page 200 and 201:
Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
Page 202 and 203:
Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
Page 204 and 205:
Crous et al. 0.1 expected changes p
Page 206 and 207:
Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
Page 208 and 209:
Crous et al. Fig. 11. Cladophialoph
Page 210 and 211:
Crous et al. Fig. 13. Cladophialoph
Page 212 and 213:
Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
Page 214 and 215:
Crous et al. Fig. 18. Cylindrosympo
Page 216 and 217:
Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
Page 218 and 219:
Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
Page 220 and 221:
Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
Page 222 and 223:
Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
Page 224 and 225:
Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
Page 226 and 227:
Crous et al. the conidial tips are
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Cladophialophora carrionii complex
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
Page 258 and 259:
Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
Page 260 and 261:
Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
Page 262:
Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
show all

The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?