The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Hormoconis resinae and morphologically similar taxa Exsiccati and types Dematium nigrum [scr. Link]. E. Hbr. Link (23) = Sporocybe resinae III. 341 [scr. ? ] (herb. Link, B). Hormodendrum resinae Lindau, n. sp. Fl. v. Hamburg 206, auf Harz an Picea excelsa, Sachsenwald, leg. O. Jaap, 29-4-1906. [scr. Lindau]. (DAOM 41888, slide prepared from the holotype preserved in B.) Pycnostysanus resinae Lindau nov. gen. et nov. spec., Kabát et Bubák: Fungi imperfecti exsiccati no. 99. Auf erhärteten Fichtenharz an Brockenweg, am Dreieckigen Pfahl in Harz, Deutschland, leg. G. Lindau, 13.VIII. 1903 (holotype, B). Racodium resinae Fries. E. Hbr. Link, Fries legi, Smol. [scr. Fries]. (DAOM 41890, slide prepared from herb. Link, B). This is the presumed holotype of R. resinae, the basionym for the resin fungus, Sorocybe resinae. The specimen includes dark, decapitated synnemata, brown conidia with laterally thickened walls, and acropetal conidial chains, allowing it to be recognised as the fungus we now know as S. resinae. Fries perhaps sent this fungus to Link to see if it could be differentiated from Coremium Link. The minimal details, that the fungus was collected by Fries, presumably in Småland (a province of Sweden), match the details in the protologue of this species. Sorocybe resinae. “Fungi Rhenani Fasc. II, 1863, L. Fuckel, no. 129, ad Abietis resinam, raro Hieme, in sylva Hostrichiensi” (as Myxotrichum resinae Fr., DAOM 55543 ex FH). “Flora Suecica, 2956, Ad resinam piceae, Småland: Femsjö, Prostgaidsshogen, 6 Aug. 1929, leg. J.A. Nannfeldt, s.n.” (as Stysanus resinae (Fr.) Sacc., DAOM 41891 ex UPS). “Flora Suecica, 4709, Ad resinam abietinum, Uppland: Bondkysko sin Valsätra, 9 May 1932, leg. J.A. Nannfeldt” (as Hormodendrum resinae Lindau, DAOM 41889 ex UPS). “[ on wood scr. Berkeley] J.E. Vize, Hereford 1877” (as Torula pinophila Fr., DAOM 113425 ex K). “Sydow, Mycotheca germanica, 350. Auf Fichtenharz… am Brockenweg 30.9.1904, leg. P. Sydow” (DAOM 41893). Other material examined Sorocybe resinae. Canada, British Columbia: Burnaby, Central Park, on resin of Tsuga heterophylla, leg. S. & L. Hughes, 17 Aug. 2000 (DAOM 228572a, 228573a); Cameron Lake, Cathedral Grove, on Pseudotsuga menziesii, leg. isol. S.J. Hughes, 21 Aug. 1957 (DAOM 56088a). Ladysmith, Ivy Green Park, on resinous exudates, leg. R.J. Bandoni no. BC-978, 18 Apr. 1960, det. S.J. Hughes (DAOM 70462). North Vancouver, Lynn Valley Conservation Area, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 1 Jul. 1975 (DAOM 139385); North Vancouver, Lynn Valley Conservation Area, on bark of living conifer (probably Pseudotsuga menziesii), leg. isol. K.A. Seifert no. 1574, 26 May 2002 (single conidium isolate, culture and specimen DAOM 239134; ITS GenBank EU030275, LSU GenBank EU030277); Terrace, near Kalum, on Tsuga heterophylla, leg. W.G. Ziller no. V-6549, 10 July 1950, det. S.J. Hughes (DAOM 59657); Queen Charlotte Islands, east coast of Moresby Island, north side of Gray Bay, 53°08’ N, 131°47’ W, on Picea sitchensis, leg. I. Brodo, M.J. Schepanek, W.B. Schofield, 28 Sep. 1973, det. S.J. Hughes (DAOM 144757); Queen Charlotte Islands, Graham Island, Tow Hill area, on resin of Picea sitchensis, leg. S.A. Redhead no. 4440, 20 Sep. 1982, det. G.P. White (DAOM 184025); Revelstoke, Wigwam, on Tsuga heterophylla, leg. W. Ziller V-6567 det. S.J. Hughes, 6 Jun. 1950 (DAOM 59710); Vancouver Island, Cathedral Grove, Cameron Lake, on Pseudotsuga menziesii, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 21 Aug. 1957 (DAOM 56088a); Vancouver Island, Caycuse, on resin of Pseudotsuga menziesii, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 17 Jul. 1972 (DAOM 139355); Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Honeymoon Bay, on resin of Pseudotsuga menziesii, leg. J Ginns, det. S.J. Hughes, 29 Oct. 1971 (DAOM 134968); Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Mesachie Lake Forest Experimental Station, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 5 Jul. 1972 (DAOM 139277a, DAOM 139278) and 6 Jul. 1072 (DAOM 139281). Czechoslovakia, Ještěd near Liberec, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, on resin of Larix europaea, 10 May 1955 (DAOM 51723). United States, Oregon: Andrews’ Experimental Forest, Forest Service Rd. no 1553, on resin of Tsuga heterophylla, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 10 May 1969 (DAOM 134565); Andrews’ Experimental Forest, Blue River, on resin of conifer, cut wood, leg. det. K.A. Seifert no. 69, 10 Jul. 1981 (DAOM 228203); Oregon, del Norte Co., J. Smith’s State Park, on Tsuga heterophylla, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 11 May 1069 (DAOM 134614); Devil’s Elbow State Park, Cape Perpetus, on Picea sitchensis, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 6 May www.studiesinmycology.org 1969 (DAOM 134615); Linn Co., near Cascadia, on Pseudotsuga menziesii, leg. R. Fogel, det. S.J. Hughes, 14 May 1969 (DAOM 127885); U.S. Forest Service Rd. no. 126, North fork Cape Creek, on resin of Abies grandis, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 7 May 1969 (DAOM 134852,134563); Willamette National Forest, McKenzie Bridge Camp Grounds, leg. det. S.J. Hughes, 10 May 1969 (DAOM 134564). Washington: Kittitas Co., Wanatchee National Forest, Rocky Run, on Abies nobilis, leg. Field Mycology Class 1955, 22 Jul. 1955, det. S.J. Hughes, (mononematous synanamorph only, DAOM 118934 ex WSP 45210, as Helminthosporium sp.); Jefferson Co., Olympic National Forest, 10 mi Camp, Sec. 17, T26N, R3W, on Pseudotsuga mucronata, leg. Field Mycology Class, 22 Jul. 1955 (DAOM 113801 ex WSP 45212, as Helminthosporium); Grays Harbor Co., Twin Harbors Beach State Park, resin of Picea sitchensis, leg. W.B. & V.G. Cooke, 24 Jul. 1951, det. S.J. Hughes (DAOM 118970 ex WSP 28432). Amorphotheca resinae. Isolated from jet fuel by P. Emonds (culture, DAOM 170427 = ATCC 22711, ITS GenBank EU030278, LSU GenBank EU030280). Canada, British Columbia, source unknown, isol. “Mrs. Volkoff”, Jul. 1969 (culture, DAOM 194228, ITS GenBank EU030279). Seifertia azaleae. All on flower buds of Rhododendron spp. Canada, British Columbia: Burnaby, Central Park, leg. S.J. Hughes, 17 Aug. 2000 (DAOM 228571); Vancouver, Stanley Park, leg. K.A. Seifert no. 1571, 11 May 2002 (culture and specimen, DAOM 239136, LSU GenBank EU030276). Ireland, Munter, Kerry, near Glenbeigh (ca. N 52° 03’ W 9° 54’), leg. K.A. Seifert no. 3197, 26 Sep. 2006 (culture and specimen, DAOM 239135, ITS GenBank EU030273). Netherlands, Gelderland, Kröller-Müller Museum, leg. K.A. Seifert no. 1235, 12 May 2000 (DAOM 227136). United Kingdom, Wales, Hafod Estate (ca. N 52° 22’ W 3° 51’), leg. K.A. Seifert no. 3198, 1 Oct. 2006 (culture and specimen, DAOM 239137, ITS GenBank EU030274). DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing DNA was isolated using a FastDNA Kit and the FastPrep FP120 (BIO 101 Inc.) or an UltraClean Microbial DNA Isolation Kit (Mo Bio Laboratories, Inc., Solana Beach, CA, U.S.A.) using mycelium removed from agar cultures. PCR and cycle sequencing reactions were performed on a Techne Genius thermocycler (Techne Cambridge Ltd.). PCR reactions were performed using Ready-To-Go Beads (Amersham Canada Ltd.) in 25 µL volumes, each containing 20–100 ng of genomic DNA, 2.5 units pure Taq DNA Polymerase, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 200 µM of each dNTP, 0.2 µL of each primer (50 µM), and stabilizers including bovine serum albumin. The reaction profile included an initial denaturation for 4 min at 94 °C, followed by 30 cycles of 1.5 min denaturation at 95 °C, 1 min annealing at 56 °C, 2 min extension at 72 °C, with a final extension of 10 min at 72 °C. Amplicons were purified by ethanol/sodium acetate precipitation and resuspended as recommended for processing on an ABI PRISM 3100 DNA Analyzer or an ABI 373 Stretch DNA Sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA). Amplification products were sequenced using the BigDye v. 2.0 Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (ABI Prism/Applied Biosystems) following the manufacturer’s directions. An approximately 1 000 bp portion of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA was amplified and sequenced using primers LR0R and LR6, and cycle-sequenced using primers LR0R, LR3R, LR16 and LR6 (Vilgalys & Hester 1990, Rehner & Samuels 1995; www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers. htm). The complete ITS and 5.8S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced using the primers ITS5 and ITS4, with ITS2 and ITS3 primers used for cycle sequencing when necessary (White et al. 1990). Some sequences were derived from single PCR amplifications of the ITS5–LR6 region. Data matrices were subjected to parsimony analysis using heuristic searches in PAUP* v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002) with simple stepwise addition of taxa, and tree bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping. Uninformative characters were removed for all analyses. Strict consensus trees were calculated, and the robustness of the phylogenies was tested using full bootstrap analyses (1 000 replications). For all analyses, GenBank accession numbers are given on the tree figures, and the sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. 239
Seifert et al. Fig. 3. Hormodendrum resinae, A–B. Conidiophores and acropetally developing chains of conidia. C. Conidia. Note that the lateral walls are conspicuously thickened compared to the walls at the poles. From a slide (DAOM 41888) prepared from the holotype (B). Byssoascus striatisporus U17912 99 96 10 changes 88 88 99 “Mycosphaerella mycopappi” U43480 * Seifertia azaleae DAOM 239136 EU030276 Pleomassaria siparia AY004341 * Pleospora herbarum AF382386 * Cochliobolus heliconiae AF163978 Setosphaeria monoceras AY016368 Trematosphaeria heterospora AY016369 Iodosphaeria aquatica AF452044 Westerdykella cylindrica AY004343 Letendraea helminthicola AY016362 Lojkania enalia AY016363 Botryosphaeria ribis AY004336 Capnodium citri AY004337 Discosphaerina fagi AY016359 Ceramothyrium carniolicum AY004339 Fonsecaea pedrosoi AF356666 80 Phialophora americana AF050279 99 79 Capronia mansonii AY004338 Glyphium elatum AF346420 97 Terfezia gigantea AF499449 Sorocybe resinae DAOM 239134 EU030277 Ascosphaera apis AY004344 Saccharomyces cerevisiae J01355 Phaeotrichum benjaminii AY004340 Calicium viride AF356670 Pertusaria mammosa AY212831 73 Pseudocyphellaria perpetua AF401954 Xylographa vitiligo AY212849 Neofabraea alba AY064705 Melanelia exasperatula AJ421436 * Lophodermium pinastri AY004334 99 Cudonia lutea AF433138 Spathularia flavida AF433141 Ascocoryne cylichnium AF353580 Bisporella citrina AF335454 Hormoconis resinae DAOM 170427 EU030280 Rhytisma acerinum AF356696 Pleuroascus nicholsonii AF096196 Golovinomyces cichoracearum AB022360 Fig. 4. Parsimony analysis of large subunit sequences, demonstrating the phylogenetic positions of Amorphotheca resinae, Sorocybe resinae and Seifertia azaleae (all shown in bold) in the Ascomycota. One of 12 equally parsimonious trees (1 888 steps, CI = 0.390, RI = 0.554, RC = 0.216, HI = 0.610) with Golovinomyces cichoracearum as the outgroup. Bootstrap values above 70 % are shown at the relevant nodes, with an asterisk representing 100 % bootstrap support; branches with thick lines occurred in all equally parsimonious trees. Leotiomycetes Dothideomycetes 240
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Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Studies in Mycology The Studies in
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CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
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lectotype for the genus by Clements
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Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 100 10 changes 65 100
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Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
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Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
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Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short
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Crous et al. Habit plant pathogenic
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Catenulostroma
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Crous et al. system, consisting of
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Crous et al. Fig. 9. Penidiella col
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Penidiella ri
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Crous et al. conidiophores, about 1
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Crous et al. have conidiomata rangi
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Crous et al. Schizothyriaceae clade
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Crous et al. Fig. 21. Stigmidium sc
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Crous et al. Gams W, Verkley GJM, C
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. 100 61 100 52 100 10 c
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Crous et al. Fig. 3. Rachicladospor
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Crous et al. Fig. 4. Toxicocladospo
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Crous et al. Fig. 5. Verrucocladosp
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Stenella aragu
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Crous et al. Helotiales, incertae s
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Crous et al. Fig. 10. Ochrocladospo
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Rhizocladospo
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Crous et al. 7. Conidiophores unbra
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Crous et al. 33. Terminal conidioge
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Crous et al. Crous PW, Kang JC, Bra
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Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
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Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
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Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
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Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 3. Periconiell
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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 10. A. Ramichl
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Arzanlou et al. Ramichloridium musa
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 20. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveron
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Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Crous et al. The aim of the present
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Page 212 and 213: Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Page 216 and 217: Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
Page 218 and 219: Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
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Page 222 and 223: Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
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Page 230 and 231: Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Page 246 and 247: Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
Page 256 and 257: Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
Page 258 and 259: Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
Page 260 and 261: Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
Page 262: Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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