The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Cladophialophora carrionii complex Fig. 6. Microscopic morphology of C. yegresii, strain CBS 114405. Conidiophore ascending, i.e. mostly emerging from hyphal end that is gradually growing upwards to become a conidiophore (sketch). Scale bar = 10 µm. CBS 114402 (C. carrionii) was grown from 36 (72 %) plants and CBS 114405 (C. yegresii) from 30 (60 %). The fungi could not be isolated from spines. The 50 plants used as controls showed scarring of 1.06 cm diam on average around the point of inoculation. No fungal elements were seen in direct examinations and histological sections of these plants. The retro-cultures were negative. The scarring responses of the plants to the clinical strain, environmental strain and control proved to be highly significant: Clinical CBS 114402 vs. environmental CBS 114405: þ = 0.000832, P = 0.01; Clinical CBS 114402 vs. control: þ = 0.00003128, P = 0.01; Environmental CBS 114405 vs. control: þ = 0.005343, P = 0.01. Spines 2.5 cm av. in length, seeded with suspensions of CBS 114402 (C. carrionii) and CBS 114405 (C. yegresii), developed toruloid hyphal elements with some dark, swollen cells similar to muriform cells known in human tissue. The re-isolated strains proved the species to survive during the experimental procedure (< 75 d). Similar results were obtained with the spines 1.5 cm av. in length. No cladophialophora-like fungi were isolated from the controls. www.studiesinmycology.org 229
De Hoog et al. Fig. 7. Conidial morphology in selected branches of (upper row: A–C) C. carrionii, strain CBS 260.83; (lower row: D–F) C. yegresii, strain CBS 114405. In this respect the two species are identical. Scale bar = 10 µm. DISCUSSION Taxonomy of Cladophialophora Judging from SSU rDNA phylogeny data, all Cladophialophora species that are consistently associated with pathology to humans belong to the Herpotrichiellaceae in the order Chaetothyriales (Haase et al. 1999). Within this order, the genus Cladophialophora is polyphyletic. Conidia of all species are produced in branched chains on poorly differentiated hyphae. This very simply structured conidial system may lead to confusion with morphologically similar but unrelated fungi that are encountered as contaminants in the hospital environment. The genus Cladosporium comprises ubiquitous airborne fungi which mostly have erect, more or less differentiated conidiophores, and dark conidial scars. They are associated with Davidiella Crous & U. Braun teleomorphs and belong to the Dothideomycetes, family Davidiellaceae (Braun et al. 2003, Schoch et al. 2006). Pseudocladosporium was introduced by Braun (1998) with three species differing from Cladophialophora mainly by intercalary hyphal cells with lateral extensions that bear conidial chains, having Caproventuria U. Braun teleomorphs (see Crous et al. 2007 – this volume). The group is classified in the Venturiaceae and Mycosphaerellaceae in the Dothideales (Braun et al. 2003). The anamorph genus Devriesia comprises thermophilic saprobes with a cladophialophora-like appearance and producing 230
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Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Studies in Mycology The Studies in
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CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
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lectotype for the genus by Clements
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Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 100 10 changes 65 100
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Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
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Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
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Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short
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Crous et al. Habit plant pathogenic
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Catenulostroma
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Crous et al. system, consisting of
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Crous et al. Fig. 9. Penidiella col
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Penidiella ri
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Crous et al. conidiophores, about 1
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Crous et al. have conidiomata rangi
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Crous et al. Schizothyriaceae clade
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Crous et al. Fig. 21. Stigmidium sc
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Crous et al. Gams W, Verkley GJM, C
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. 100 61 100 52 100 10 c
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Crous et al. Fig. 3. Rachicladospor
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Crous et al. Fig. 4. Toxicocladospo
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Crous et al. Fig. 5. Verrucocladosp
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Stenella aragu
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Crous et al. Helotiales, incertae s
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Crous et al. Fig. 10. Ochrocladospo
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Rhizocladospo
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Crous et al. 7. Conidiophores unbra
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Crous et al. 33. Terminal conidioge
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Crous et al. Crous PW, Kang JC, Bra
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Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
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Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
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Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
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Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 3. Periconiell
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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 10. A. Ramichl
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Arzanlou et al. Ramichloridium musa
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 20. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveron
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Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Page 188 and 189: Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Page 212 and 213: Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Page 218 and 219: Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
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Page 222 and 223: Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
Page 224 and 225: Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
Page 226 and 227: Crous et al. the conidial tips are
Page 228 and 229: available online at www.studiesinmy
Page 230 and 231: Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Page 246 and 247: Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
Page 256 and 257: Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
Page 258 and 259: Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
Page 260 and 261: Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
Page 262: Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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