The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscytalum fecundissimum Riess, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 11: 138. 1853. Fig. 29. Cultural characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, aerial mycelium sparse, margins smooth; colonies sienna to umber on PDA, with patches of greyish sepia; reverse chestnut-brown; on OA whitish due to moderate aerial mycelium, with diffuse umber pigment in the agar; whitish on SNA. Colonies reaching 15 mm diam on PDA after 3 wk at 25 °C in the dark. Specimen examined: Netherlands, Schovenhorst, leaf litter of Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae), 8 Nov. 1997, W. Gams, CBS H-6049, culture CBS 100506. Fig. 29. Polyscytalum fecundissimum (CBS 100506). Conidiophores giving rise to catenulate conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth, guttulate, 1.5–2.5 µm wide hyphae, pale brown, forming hyphal strands. Conidiophores mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells, or if present, micronematous, consisting of a supporting cell, and single conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells integrated in hyphae as lateral loci, or terminal, frequently disarticulating, subcylindrical, pale to medium brown, smooth, mono- to polyblastic, loci 1–1.5 µm wide, 2.5 µm tall; conidiogenous cells subcylindrical, up to 40 µm tall, and 2–2.5 µm wide. Conidia in long chains of up to 60, branched or not, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, pale olivaceous to pale brown, smooth; ramoconidia 0–1(–3)-septate, 15–20(–30) × 2–3(–3.5) µm; conidia 0(–1)-septate, 6–8(–12) × 2–3(–3.5) µm; hila 1–1.5 µm wide, inconspicuous to somewhat darkened, subtruncate. Cultural characteristics: Colonies erumpent, with sparse aerial mycelium on PDA, and smooth, even margins; olivaceous-grey to iron-grey (surface); reverse greenish black; on OA dark mousegrey (surface), with even, smooth margins. Colonies reaching 40 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C in the dark; colonies fertile. Specimen examined: U.S.A., Washington, Wenatchee, on bing cherry fruit, Prunus avium cv. Bing (Rosaceae), R.G. Roberts, culture ex-type, ATCC 96019 = CBS 117727. Note: Dugan et al. (1995) commented that although similar to “Phaeoramularia” hachijoensis, the conidia of this species were predominantly aseptate and somewhat shorter than those described by Matsushima (1975). Notes: Polyscytalum fecundissimum is the type species of the genus Polyscytalum. Several isolates of this species were investigated here to determine if Polyscytalum would be available for taxa that have a pseudocladosporium-like morphology. The clustering of CBS 681.74 within the Venturiaceae was surprising. However, this culture proved to be sterile, and therefore its identity could not be confirmed. Isolate CBS 109882 sporulated profusely. Colonies were greyolivaceous with olivaceous margins on PDA; conidiophores pale, and not dark brown as depicted for Polyscytalum in Ellis (1971); conidial chains were greenish yellow in mass, and pale olivaceousgreen under the dissecting microscope, somewhat roughened, polyblastic; on ITS sequence this isolate is identical to U57492, Cistella acuum (Alb. & Schwein.) Svrček (Helotiales), but the latter species should have a phialidic anamorph, so it is possible that this GenBank sequence is incorrect. The identity of CBS 109882 therefore remains unresolved. Although isolate CBS 100506 is poorly sporulating, illustrations made in vitro when it was collected show this isolate to be authentic for the species and the genus Polyscytalum. Based on its LSU sequence, it is allied to Phlogicylindrium eucalypti Crous, Summerb. & Summerell (CBS 120080; Summerell et al. 2006), and is therefore unrelated to the Venturiaceae. Zeloasperisporium R.F. Castañeda, Mycotaxon 60: 285. 1996, emend. Hyphomycetes. Mycelium mostly superficial, hyphae septate, brown to olivaceous. Hyphopodia absent. Conidiophores differentiated, mononematous, erect, aseptate or septate, brown to olivaceous. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, proliferation sympodial, polyblastic, with subdenticulate, somewhat thickened and darkened scars. Conidia solitary, fusiform to obclavate or cylindrical, septate, asperulate to verrucose, olivaceous to brown, tips always hyaline, thinner-walled and smooth, forming mucoid appandages, often only visible as a thickened frill. Synanamorph present, micronematous. Conidiogenous cells short cylindrical, antenna or hyphopodiumlike, phialidic, colarette sometimes present, aseptate, subhyaline. Conidia solitary, obovoid, ellipsoid, aseptate, brown to olivaceous, verruculose. Zeloasperisporium hyphopodioides R.F. Castañeda, Mycotaxon 60: 285. 1996. Fig. 30. In vitro on OA: Mycelium internal to superficial, unbranched to sparingly branched, 1.5–3 µm wide, loosely septate, septa almost invisible, pale brown, smooth to asperulate, minutely verruculose, walls unthickened, sometimes inflated at the base of conidiophores. 214
Herpotrichiellaceae and Venturiaceae Fig. 30. Zeloasperisporium hyphopodioides (CBS 218.95). A–B. Conidiogenous cells. C. Conidia with apical mucoid caps. D. Conidiogenous cell with sympodial proliferation. E–G. Conidiogenous cells of micronematous synanamorph. H. Conidia, and microconidia of synanamorph. Scale bars = 10 µm. Conidiophores macronematous, arising usually laterally from plagiotropous hyphae, erect, straight, subcylindrical or conical, not geniculate, usually unbranched, rarely branched, 13–45 × 3–4(–5) µm, slightly to distinctly attenuated towards the apex, tapered, aseptate, rarely with a single septum, pale brown to pale medium brown, smooth or minutely verruculose, walls unthickened, often somewhat constricted near the base. Conidiogenous cells integrated or conidiophores usually reduced to conidiogenous cells, subcylindrical to conical, proliferation sympodial, with a single or several subdenticulate to denticulate conidiogenous loci mostly crowded at or towards the apex, protuberant, truncate, 0.8–1.2 µm wide, thickened and darkened-refractive. Conidia solitary, straight to curved, ellipsoid, fusiform to obclavate, distinctly tapered towards the apex, apiculate, (12–)15–32 × 3.5–5.5 µm, (0–)1–2(–3)-septate, mainly 1-septate, usually constricted at the septa, pale brown to pale medium brown, asperulate to verruculose, walls unthickened or almost so, tips always hyaline, thinner-walled and smooth, forming mucoid appendages, often only visible as a thickened frill, base somewhat rounded or slightly bulbous, hila often situated on short peg-like prolongations, truncate, 0.8–1(–1.2) µm wide, thickened, darkened-refractive; microcyclic conidiogenesis occurring, conidia forming secondary conidiophores. Synanamorph micronematous. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, numerous, occurring as short lateral prolongations of hyphae, antenna or telescope-like, cylindrical, www.studiesinmycology.org unbranched, conidiogenesis unclear, at times appearing phialidic, or having one to two apical scars; up to 5 µm long, 1–1.5 µm wide, aseptate, subhyaline, smooth. Conidia of the micronematous anamorph quite different from the conidia formed by the macronematous conidiophores, solitary, obovoid, ellipsoid to somewhat fusiform, 5–9 × 2.5–3 µm, aseptate, pale to pale medium brown, verruculose, somewhat attenuated towards the base, hila flat, unthickened to somewhat thickened, appearing to have the ability to form a slime appendage at the apex. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on OA iron-grey to olivaceous due to abundant sporulation (surface); reverse black, velvety; margin regular to undulate, feathery; aerial mycelium absent or sparse, sporulation profuse. Specimen examined: Cuba, isolated from air, 2 Oct. 1994, R.F. Castañeda, INIFAT C94/114, holotype, CBS-H 5624, H-5639, isotypes, culture ex-type CBS 218.95 = INIFAT C94/114 = MUCL 39155 = IMI 367520. Notes: Within the course of the recent phylogenetic studies in Herpotrichiellaceae and Venturiaceae the type culture of Zeloasperisporium hyphopodioides has been included since it was deposited at the CBS as “Fusicladium hyphopodioides”. When the culture was re-examined, the described short appressoriumlike, inflated hyphopodia with slightly warted to lobed apices (Castañeda et al. 1996) could be recognised as conidiogenous cells of a synanamorph forming a second conidial type. In addition, 215
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Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Studies in Mycology The Studies in
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CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
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lectotype for the genus by Clements
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Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 100 10 changes 65 100
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Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
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Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
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Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short
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Crous et al. Habit plant pathogenic
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Catenulostroma
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Crous et al. system, consisting of
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Crous et al. Fig. 9. Penidiella col
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Penidiella ri
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Crous et al. conidiophores, about 1
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Crous et al. have conidiomata rangi
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Crous et al. Schizothyriaceae clade
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Crous et al. Fig. 21. Stigmidium sc
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Crous et al. Gams W, Verkley GJM, C
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
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Crous et al. 100 61 100 52 100 10 c
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Crous et al. Fig. 3. Rachicladospor
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Crous et al. Fig. 4. Toxicocladospo
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Crous et al. Fig. 5. Verrucocladosp
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Crous et al. Fig. 7. Stenella aragu
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Crous et al. Helotiales, incertae s
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Crous et al. Fig. 10. Ochrocladospo
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Crous et al. Fig. 12. Rhizocladospo
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Crous et al. 7. Conidiophores unbra
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Crous et al. 33. Terminal conidioge
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Crous et al. Crous PW, Kang JC, Bra
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Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
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Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
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Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
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Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 3. Periconiell
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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 10. A. Ramichl
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Arzanlou et al. Ramichloridium musa
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 20. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveron
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Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Page 202 and 203: Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Page 206 and 207: Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
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Page 212 and 213: Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Page 216 and 217: Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
Page 218 and 219: Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
Page 220 and 221: Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
Page 222 and 223: Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
Page 226 and 227: Crous et al. the conidial tips are
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Page 230 and 231: Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Page 246 and 247: Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
Page 256 and 257: Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
Page 258 and 259: Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
Page 260 and 261: Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
Page 262: Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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