a sourcebook of hiv/aids prevention programs volume 2

98 A Sourcebook of HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs, Vol. 2schools, and Ministry of Education grants. The program has never had anypaid staff or managers. Everyone associated with the program is a volunteer,allowing the program to run at very little cost (table 5.1).EvaluationRoutine evaluation of aspects of the program has occurred since its launch.Pre- and post-tests are used at each of the program’s training workshops.Principals complete school evaluation forms after the conclusion of work ineach school.Evaluation of Program in IsraelPretesting of the two curricula and teaching aids was conducted in 1986using a questionnaire on students’ needs for information about HIV/AIDSand possible approaches to teaching. The structured, open-ended questionnairewas completed by 26 experts in public health, education, medicine,psychology, and related fields. The responses suggested that there was anurgent need to provide accurate and balanced information on HIV/AIDS toprimary-school students to reduce fears elevated by media reports. Responsesalso confirmed and endorsed JAIP’s proposed approach, the curricula, andteaching aids. Since 1989 pre– and post–Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices,and Beliefs (KAPB) questionnaires have been administered to parents andstudents who attend sessions at participating schools.In 1994 a quasi-experimental study, using anonymous questionnaires,examined the effectiveness of the program in secondary public schools(Schenker 1998). The questionnaires measured KAP changes in interventionand control groups two to four months post baseline (N = 932). Significantchanges ( p < .001) were found in KAP:• Mean knowledge scores rose 5.6 points to 67.4 (standard deviation = 20.0).• Negative attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS fell 0.81 pointson a 1–5 scale (standard deviation = 0.76).• Although not a stated target of the program, tolerance toward homosexualityrose 0.10 points on a 1–5 scale (standard deviation = 0.93).• Reported lifetime condom use increased from 42.4 percent to 44.1 percent.• The percentage of children who would talk with a parent about HIV rosefrom 23.1 percent to 24.1 percent.• The intervention did not result in sexual initiation among participants(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank