a sourcebook of hiv/aids prevention programs volume 2

148 A Sourcebook of HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs, Vol. 2Table 7.2: Impact and Estimated Cost of Program ComponentsESTIMATED COST PERCOMPONENT/DESCRIPTION KEY EFFECTS COST PER STUDENT PREGNANCY AVERTEDTeacher training: Trained primary- • Increased tolerance of people $2.00 No evidence that interventionschool teachers on HIV/AIDS living with HIV/AIDS averted pregnancyeducation methodology • Increased marriage raterecommended by MoESTamong girls who startedchildbearing• Did not affect childbearingDebating and essay writing: • Increased students’ knowledge $1.10 —Encouraged schools to organize • Increased likelihood of boysstudent debates on condoms reporting having used condomsand essay-writing contest on • Did not affect self-reportedways students can protect sexual activitythemselves from HIVSugar-daddy talk: Showed video • Reduced teenage childbearing $0.80 $91about dangers of relationships with older menwith older men (video did notmention HIV/AIDS); providedinformation on HIV infectionrates by sex and ageFree school uniforms: Provided • Reduced dropout rates $10.80 (boys) $300primary-school students with • Reduced teenage childbearing $12.00 (girls)two free uniforms, thereby and marriagemaking school more affordableSource: Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab.— Not available.A key aspect of the design of the Kenyan program was to ensure that theplanning of impact M&E activities occurred in tandem with the planning ofprogram implementation activities. This resulted in exceptionally high-qualitymonitoring and evaluation.Implementing Culturally Acceptable InterventionsSchool-based HIV prevention is fraught with ideological positions andstrong views about what is and is not appropriate to teach to school children.Views differ, for example, on whether it is acceptable for teachers to teachcondom use.By careful and creative thinking, the program was able to employ successfulHIV prevention approaches that were both effective and culturallyand politically uncontroversial. The use of debates and essay-writing competitionsenabled students to engage with difficult issues without teachersbeing seen as taking the lead.(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank