Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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A fair and less unequalworld requires space for amultiplicity of voices and asystem of public discourseSouth–South trade and investment can reducevulnerability to economic downturns in theNorth and provide opportunities to leverageforeign markets in new ways.Regional trade and investment relationshipscan also be strengthened by streamliningtransit, transport and customs procedures;harmonizing regulatory schemes; investing inregional transport infrastructure; and loweringtariffs on South–South trade in final products.Lowering such tariffs could yield collectivegains of an estimated $59 billion for the economiesof the South. 51A new South Commission for the early 21stcentury could help bring a fresh vision of howthe strength and diversity of the South can bea global force for development solidarity. Thekey elements are there: different endowmentsprovide a basis for expanded exchange, diverseexperiences are ripe for sharing, new cross-borderpartnerships can compete in world marketsand, above all, the recognition and implementationof win-win strategies can motivate newforms of South–South cooperation.Greater representation for the Southand civil society can accelerateprogress on major global challengesThe rise of the South is leading to a greaterdiversity of voice on the world stage. Thisrepresents an opportunity to build governanceinstitutions that fully represent all constituenciesthat would make productive use of this diversityin finding solutions to world problems.New guiding principles for internationalorganizations are needed that incorporate theexperience of the South. The G20 incorporatestheir experience, but the countries of the Southalso need more-equitable representation inthe Bretton Woods institutions, the UnitedNations and other international bodies.Active civil society and social movements,both national and transnational, are using themedia to amplify their calls for just and fairgovernance. The spread of movements and increasingplatforms for vocalizing key messagesand demands challenge governance institutionsto adapt more-democratic and more-inclusiveprinciples. More generally, a fair and less unequalworld requires space for a multiplicity ofvoices and a system of public discourse.The rise of the South presentsnew opportunities for generatinga greater supply of public goodsA sustainable world requires both better governanceand a greater availability of globalpublic goods. Global issues today are increasingin number and urgency, from mitigation ofclimate change and international economicand financial instability to the fight againstterrorism and nuclear proliferation. Theyrequire a global response. Yet in many areas,inter national cooperation continues to beslow—and at times dangerously hesitant. Therise of the South presents new opportunities forproviding global public goods more effectivelyand for unlocking today’s many stalematedglobal issues.“Publicness” and “privateness” are in mostcases not innate properties of a public goodbut social constructs. As such, they represent apolicy choice. National governments can stepin when there is underprovision at the nationallevel, but when global challenges arise, internationalcooperation is necessary and can happenonly by voluntary action of many governments.Given the many pressing challenges, progress indetermining what is public and what is privatewill require strong, committed, personal andinstitutional leadership.* * *The rise of the South is fundamentally thestory of the fast-paced transformation of thedeveloping world and its profound impacton diverse facets of human development.Global discussions of this phenomenon so farhave focused almost exclusively on economicgrowth in the biggest developing countries.This <strong>Report</strong> uses a human development lensto cast a wider net and show that the impactsare widespread in terms of the large number ofdeveloping countries involved and the intertwiningof ever-growing global challenges andpossibilities—from environmental sustainabilityand equity to poverty eradication and thereform of global institutions. The changes areoccurring at unprecedented speed and scale,propelled by interaction with the wider worldthrough trade, travel and telecommunicationsin ways that were not possible before.122 | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT <strong>2013</strong>
The fast-developing countries chose theirown distinct development pathways. Yet theyshare important characteristics, includingeffective leadership from governments, openengagement with the world economy and innovativesocial policies addressing domestic humandevelopment needs. They also face manyof the same challenges, from social inequalitiesto environmental risks. And they have developedtheir own domestic policy approacheswith increasing autonomy, for their own sovereignnational reasons, without the stricturesof enforced conditionality or imposed externalmodels.The South’s progress is propelled by interconnectionswith developed countries andincreasingly with the developing world. Infact, economic exchanges are expandingfaster “horizontally”—on a South–Southbasis—than on the traditional North–Southaxis. People are sharing ideas and experiencesthrough new communications channels andseeking greater accountability from governmentsand international institutions alike. TheSouth as a whole is driving global economicgrowth and societal change for the first time incenturies. The South still needs the North, but,increasingly, the North also needs the South.Chapter 5 Governance and partnerships for a new era | 123
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WNSEHuman DevelopmentReport 2013The
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Human Development Report 2013The Ri
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Human Development Report 2013 TeamD
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Finally, the Report also calls for
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Heather Simpson, Ben Slay, Mounir T
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3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
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OverviewOne of the most heartening
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and sustainability are fully incorp
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Without investment in people, retur
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opportunity to reap the full benefi
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Woods institutions, the United Nati
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IntroductionWhen developed economie
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leading economies—Brazil, China a
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comparable access to information, e
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mobile phones: cellular banking is
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“The political problem ofmankind
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BOX 1.1Fairness, macroeconomics and
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BOX 1.3Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
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FIGURE 1.1Income per capita is risi
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BOX 1.4Subjective indicators of wel
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FIGURE 1.4There is notable variatio
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FIGURE 1.6Most regions show declini
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Progress in humandevelopment achiev
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BOX 1.7Social competencies: human d
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TABLE 1.3Inequality and satisfactio
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Not all countries havethe precondit
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“When the music changes,so does t
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BOX 2.1The South’s integration wi
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FIGURE 2.1As a share of world merch
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BOX 2.2Acquisitions by the South of
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FIGURE 2.3Between 2000 and 2010, In
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FIGURE 2.4Export earnings per capit
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BOX 2.6Final assembly is about more
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Instead of having a centreof indust
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FIGURE 2.6Emerging market economies
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Developing countriestrade more amon
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“We cannot expect thatall nations
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TABLE 3.1Selected developing countr
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A common featureof countries thatha
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More important thangetting prices r
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BOX 3.5Eastern Europe and Central A
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Page 88 and 89: Having weathered theAsian financial
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Page 94 and 95: Universal public healthand educatio
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Page 112 and 113: BOX 4.2China and Ghana: who benefit
Page 114 and 115: FIGURE 4.8countries thus converge t
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Page 118 and 119: Areas of globalinternational concer
Page 120 and 121: Addressing climatechange requires t
Page 122 and 123: International governanceis increasi
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Page 126 and 127: facilitates reserve investments and
Page 128 and 129: Responsible sovereigntytakes the lo
Page 130 and 131: FIGURE 5.1Under the accelerated pro
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Page 137 and 138: NotesOverview1 Atsmon and others 20
Page 139 and 140: 25 Blinder 2006.26 UNIDO 2009.27 UN
Page 141 and 142: which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
Page 143 and 144: ReferencesAbdurazakov, A., A. Minsa
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Page 147 and 148: Kamau, P., D. McCormick, and N. Pin
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Page 153 and 154: Statistical acknowledgementsThe Rep
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Statistical referencesADB (Asian De
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Core features of the model pertinen
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Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
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Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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