Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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FIGURE 2More than 40 countries of the South had greater gains on the HDI between 1990 and2012 than would have been predicted from their previous performance on the HDIHDI, 20120.90.70.50.3RwandaHDI 1990 = HDI 2012IndiaLao PDRBangladeshUgandaFIGURE 1Acceleration of growth on the HDINumber of countries120100806040200Tunisia TurkeyThailandChinaIndonesiaViet NamGhana1990Highlighted 18Korea, Rep.ChileMexicoMalaysiaBrazilMauritius0.10.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9Big improversHDI, 1990Note: Countries above the 45 degree line had a higher HDI value in 2012 than in 1990. Blue and grey markers indicate countries withsignificantly larger than predicted increases in HDI value between 1990 and 2012 given their HDI value in 1990. These countries wereidentified based on residuals obtained from a regression of the change in log of HDI between 2012 and 1990 on the log of HDI in1990. Countries that are labelled are a selected group of rapid HDI improvers that are discussed in greater detail in chapter 3.Source: HDRO calculations.33333333433630302000593315152012HDI ≥ 0.731HDI0.615 to
leading economies—Brazil, China andIndia—is about equal to the combined GDPof the long- standing industrial powers of theNorth—Canada, France, Germany, Italy, theUnited Kingdom and the United States. 7 Thisrepresents a dramatic rebalancing of global economicpower. In 1950, Brazil, China and Indiatogether accounted for only 10% of the worldeconomy, while the six traditional economicleaders of the North accounted for roughlyhalf. According to projections in this Report,by 2050 Brazil China and India will togetheraccount for 40% of global output (figure 3), farsurpassing the projected combined productionof today’s Group of Seven bloc. 8Today, the South as a whole produces abouthalf of world economic output, up from abouta third in 1990. The combined GDP of eightmajor developing countries alone—Argentina,Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, SouthAfrica and Turkey—now equals the GDP ofthe United States, still by far the world’s biggestnational economy. 9 As recently as 2005, thecombined economic weight of those eightcountries was barely half that of the UnitedStates.This major increase in share of economicoutput would not mean much in human developmentterms, however, if it had not beenaccompanied by an unprecedented reductionin deprivation and expansion of human capabilities.The first Millennium Development Goalof halving the proportion of people living onless than $1.25 a day relative to 1990 has beenmet three years before the target date. This isprimarily because of the success of some of themost populous countries in eradicating extremepoverty: Brazil, China and India have all dramaticallyreduced the proportion of their peoplewho are income poor—Brazil from 17.2% ofthe population in 1990 to 6.1% in 2009, Chinafrom 60.2% in 1990 to 13.1% in 2008 and Indiafrom 49.4% in 1990 to 32.7% in 2010. 10Broader development challenges, however,have not diminished. An estimated 1.57 billionpeople, or more than 30% of the population ofthe 104 countries studied for this Report, live inmultidimensional poverty, 11 a measure of bothToday, the South as awhole produces abouthalf of world economicoutput, up from abouta third in 1990FIGURE 3Brazil, China and India combined are projected to account for 40% of global output by 2050, up from 10% in1950Share of global output (%)60PROJECTION50403020100182018601900Brazil, China and India19401980 20102050Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United StatesNote: Output is measured in 1990 purchasing power parity dollars.Source: HDRO interpolation of historical data from Maddison (2010) and projections based on Pardee Center for International Futures (2013).Introduction | 13
Page 1 and 2: WNSEHuman DevelopmentReport 2013The
Page 3 and 4: Human Development Report 2013The Ri
Page 5 and 6: Human Development Report 2013 TeamD
Page 7 and 8: Finally, the Report also calls for
Page 9 and 10: Heather Simpson, Ben Slay, Mounir T
Page 11 and 12: 3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
Page 13 and 14: OverviewOne of the most heartening
Page 15 and 16: and sustainability are fully incorp
Page 17 and 18: Without investment in people, retur
Page 19 and 20: opportunity to reap the full benefi
Page 21 and 22: Woods institutions, the United Nati
Page 23: IntroductionWhen developed economie
Page 27 and 28: comparable access to information, e
Page 29 and 30: mobile phones: cellular banking is
Page 32 and 33: “The political problem ofmankind
Page 34 and 35: BOX 1.1Fairness, macroeconomics and
Page 36 and 37: BOX 1.3Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
Page 38 and 39: FIGURE 1.1Income per capita is risi
Page 40 and 41: BOX 1.4Subjective indicators of wel
Page 42 and 43: FIGURE 1.4There is notable variatio
Page 44 and 45: FIGURE 1.6Most regions show declini
Page 46 and 47: Progress in humandevelopment achiev
Page 48 and 49: BOX 1.7Social competencies: human d
Page 50 and 51: TABLE 1.3Inequality and satisfactio
Page 52 and 53: Not all countries havethe precondit
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Page 58 and 59: FIGURE 2.1As a share of world merch
Page 60 and 61: BOX 2.2Acquisitions by the South of
Page 62 and 63: FIGURE 2.3Between 2000 and 2010, In
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“We cannot expect thatall nations
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TABLE 3.1Selected developing countr
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A common featureof countries thatha
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More important thangetting prices r
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BOX 3.5Eastern Europe and Central A
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States have to beconscious that the
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As countries develop,they tend to d
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Having weathered theAsian financial
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Providing publicservices that contr
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Advancing health requiresmore than
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Universal public healthand educatio
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• China. The Minimum Livelihood G
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“Each generation will reap whatth
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concerns will make for a complex en
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A greater emphasison education cans
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FIGURE 4.1Under the fast track scen
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Around the worldpeople are calling
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FIGURE 4.4Different environmental s
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FIGURE 4.5Education policies can al
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BOX 4.2China and Ghana: who benefit
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FIGURE 4.8countries thus converge t
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“Let us join hands to try tocreat
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Areas of globalinternational concer
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Addressing climatechange requires t
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International governanceis increasi
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BOX 5.2Jo Leinen, Member of the Eur
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facilitates reserve investments and
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Responsible sovereigntytakes the lo
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FIGURE 5.1Under the accelerated pro
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Good policymakingrequires greater f
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A fair and less unequalworld requir
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NotesOverview1 Atsmon and others 20
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25 Blinder 2006.26 UNIDO 2009.27 UN
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which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
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ReferencesAbdurazakov, A., A. Minsa
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urban_world_cities_and_the_rise_of_
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Kamau, P., D. McCormick, and N. Pin
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Labor Administration. Geneva: Inter
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Human Development Report 2013The Ri
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Statistical acknowledgementsThe Rep
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Key to HDI countries and ranks, 201
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Statistical referencesADB (Asian De
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Core features of the model pertinen
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Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
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Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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