Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

Human Development Report 2013The Rise of the South Human Progress in a Diverse WorldHuman DevelopmentIndex (HDI)Life expectancyat birthMean years ofschoolingExpected yearsof schoolingGross national income(GNI) per capitaGNI per capita rankminus HDI rankNonincomeHDIValue (years) (years) (years) (2005 PPP $) ValueHDI rank 2012 2012 2010 a 2011 b 2012 2012 2012186 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0.304 48.7 3.5 8.5 319 0 0.404186 Niger 0.304 55.1 1.4 4.9 701 –4 0.313Other countries or territoriesKorea, Democratic People’s Rep. of .. 69.0 .. .. .. .. ..Marshall Islands .. 72.3 .. 11.7 .. .. ..Monaco .. 82.3 .. .. .. .. ..Nauru .. 80.0 .. 9.3 .. .. ..San Marino .. 81.9 .. 12.5 .. .. ..Somalia .. 51.5 .. 2.4 .. .. ..South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tuvalu .. 67.5 .. 10.8 .. .. ..Human Development Index groupsVery high human development 0.905 80.1 11.5 16.3 33,391 — 0.927High human development 0.758 73.4 8.8 13.9 11,501 — 0.781Medium human development 0.640 69.9 6.3 11.4 5,428 — 0.661Low human development 0.466 59.1 4.2 8.5 1,633 — 0.487RegionsArab States 0.652 71.0 6.0 10.6 8,317 — 0.658East Asia and the Pacific 0.683 72.7 7.2 11.8 6,874 — 0.712Europe and Central Asia 0.771 71.5 10.4 13.7 12,243 — 0.801Latin America and the Caribbean 0.741 74.7 7.8 13.7 10,300 — 0.770South Asia 0.558 66.2 4.7 10.2 3,343 — 0.577Sub-Saharan Africa 0.475 54.9 4.7 9.3 2,010 — 0.479Least developed countries 0.449 59.5 3.7 8.5 1,385 — 0.475Small island developing states 0.648 69.8 7.3 10.7 5,397 — 0.673World 0.694 70.1 7.5 11.6 10,184 — 0.690Notesa Data refer to 2010 or the most recent year available.b Data refer to 2011 or the most recent year available.c Updated by HDRO based on UNESCO Institute forStatistics (2012) data.d For the HDI calculation this value is capped at18 years.e Based on cross-country regression.f Calculated by the Singapore Ministry of Education.g Assumes the same adult mean years of schoolingas Switzerland before the most recent update.h Estimated using the purchasing power parity(PPP) rate and the projected growth rate ofSwitzerland.i Assumes the same adult mean years of schoolingas Spain before the most recent update.j Estimated using the PPP rate and the projectedgrowth rate of Spain.k Based on implied PPP conversion factors fromIMF (2012).l Based on the UNESCO Institute for Statistics(2012) estimate of educational attainmentdistribution.m Based on projected growth rates by ADB (2012).n PPP estimate based on cross-country regression;projected growth rate based on ECLAC (2012) andUNDESA (2012c) projected growth rates.o Based on data from UNICEF Multiple IndicatorCluster Surveys for 2002–2012.p Based on data on years of schooling of adultsfrom household surveys in the World Bank’sInternational Income Distribution Database.q Based on an unpublished estimate of the PPPconversion rate from the World Bank andprojected growth rates from UNESCWA (2012)and UNDESA (2012c).r Based on projected growth rates from UNDESA(2012c).s Based on data from ICF Macro (2012).t Based on PPP data from IMF (2012).DEFINITIONSHuman Development Index (HDI): A compositeindex measuring average achievement in three basicdimensions of human development—a long andhealthy life, knowledge and a decent standard ofliving. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2013_EN_TechNotes.pdf for detailson how the HDI is calculated.Life expectancy at birth: Number of years anewborn infant could expect to live if prevailingpatterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time ofbirth stay the same throughout the infant’s life.Mean years of schooling: Average number ofyears of education received by people ages 25 andolder, converted from educational attainment levelsusing official durations of each level.Expected years of schooling: Number of yearsof schooling that a child of school entrance agecan expect to receive if prevailing patterns ofage-specific enrolment rates persist throughout thechild’s life.Gross national income (GNI) per capita:Aggregate income of an economy generated byits production and its ownership of factors ofproduction, less the incomes paid for the use offactors of production owned by the rest of the world,converted to international dollars using PPP rates,divided by midyear population.GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank: Differencein rankings by GNI per capita and by the HDI. Anegative value means that the country is betterranked by GNI than by the HDI.Nonincome HDI: Value of the HDI computed fromthe life expectancy and education indicators only.MAIN DATA SOURCESColumn 1: HDRO calculations based on data fromUNDESA (2011), Barro and Lee (2011), UNESCOInstitute for Statistics (2012), World Bank (2012a)and IMF (2012).Column 2: UNDESA (2011).Column 3: Barro and Lee (2011) and HDRO updatesbased on data on educational attainment fromUNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012) and onmethodology from Barro and Lee (2010).Column 4: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012).Column 5: HDRO calculations based on data fromWorld Bank (2012a), IMF (2012) and UNSD (2012a).Column 6: Calculated based on data in columns1 and 5.Column 7: Calculated based on data in columns2, 3 and 4.Table 1 Human Development Index and its components | 147