Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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Developing countriestrade more amongthemselves than withthe North, and this trendcan go much furthercountries recognize that they have little choicebut to formulate policies on adapting to climatechange now and mitigating climate change forthe future. Countries are, for example, agreeingto cooperate on technology development andto establish region-specific carbon markets. Apartnership between China and the UnitedKingdom will test advanced coal combustiontechnologies, while India and the United Stateshave forged a partnership to develop nuclearenergy in India. 85Countries in the South are also developingand sharing new climate-friendly technologies.China, the fourth largest producer of windenergy in 2008, is the world’s largest producerof solar panels and wind turbines. 86 In 2011,India’s National Solar Mission helped spur a62% increase in investment in solar energy to$12 billion, the fastest investment expansionof any large renewables market. Brazil made an8% increase in investment in renewable energytechnology to $7 billion. 87Regional, bilateral and national initiativesin the South to mitigate climate change andprotect environmental resources are positivesteps. But climate change and the environmentare inherently global issues that require globalresolution through multilateral agreements.The cooperation and participation of risingeconomies of the South in such agreements arevital to their success. Regional collaborationand agreement may be a step in this direction,indicating genuine interest in tackling the climatechallenge.Sustaining progress inuncertain timesThe rise of the South was facilitated by a historicglobal expansion of trade and investment.More than 100 developing countries recordedgrowth in income per capita of more than 3%in 2007. Recently, the economic slowdownin developed countries has nudged the Southto look towards regional demand. 88 Already,developing countries trade more among themselvesthan with the North, and this trend cango much further. South–South trade blocsremain riddled with nontariff barriers thatconstrict the scale of trade possibilities. Largeforeign exchange reserves remain idle whenthere are higher returns and more- secureopportunities for South–South investment.There is potential to expand developmentpartnerships and regional and interregionalcooperation.The rise of the South has underpinned rapideconomic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa andenhanced opportunities there for human developmentprogress. Many of the fastest growingeconomies in this century rank low onhuman development. While some have madeprogress on nonincome indicators, others havenot.Governments should seize the growth momentumand embrace policies that convertrising incomes into human development.Policies that build human capabilities and domesticproductive capacity will enable countriesto avoid “the commodities trap” anddiversify economic activity. South–South cooperationcan help bring out the learning anddiffusion potential in trading, investing andpartnering in all industries, even commodities.South–South partnerships can facilitateindustrial diversification through FDI andjoint ventures, technology sharing throughpeer learning, and provision of affordableproducts and innovative uses that meet theneeds of the emerging entrepreneurial class.This cooperation is already happening andcan be scaled up substantially in the yearsahead.All said, the rise of the South has beendramatic but is still in its early stages. Thebreadth of social, economic, technologicaland entrepreneurial connectedness amongdeveloping countries today is unprecedented.The daily headlines may carry dismal messagesabout world events. But interspersedamong these discouraging notes are frequentsnippets reporting on entrepreneurial venturesand common-sense applications of newtechnologies by enterprising people in unexpectedplaces.Multiply each story by the number of peoplein developing countries and the cumulativepotential for a rising South across all regions isastounding. Chapter 3 explores this potentialby identifying some of the core drivers thathave enabled leading countries of the Southto make rapid progress, offering inspiration toother countries that might follow.60 | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT <strong>2013</strong>
Global prospects are uncertain, and theeconomic downturn in the North is adverselyaffecting the South. With the rightreforms, however, including a shift in policyorientation, 89 the promise of sustained humanprogress is stronger as a result of the shiftwithin the world economy brought about bythe rise of the South.Chapter 2 A more global South | 61
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WNSEHuman DevelopmentReport 2013The
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Human Development Report 2013The Ri
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Human Development Report 2013 TeamD
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Finally, the Report also calls for
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Heather Simpson, Ben Slay, Mounir T
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3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
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OverviewOne of the most heartening
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and sustainability are fully incorp
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Without investment in people, retur
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opportunity to reap the full benefi
Page 21 and 22: Woods institutions, the United Nati
Page 23 and 24: IntroductionWhen developed economie
Page 25 and 26: leading economies—Brazil, China a
Page 27 and 28: comparable access to information, e
Page 29 and 30: mobile phones: cellular banking is
Page 32 and 33: “The political problem ofmankind
Page 34 and 35: BOX 1.1Fairness, macroeconomics and
Page 36 and 37: BOX 1.3Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
Page 38 and 39: FIGURE 1.1Income per capita is risi
Page 40 and 41: BOX 1.4Subjective indicators of wel
Page 42 and 43: FIGURE 1.4There is notable variatio
Page 44 and 45: FIGURE 1.6Most regions show declini
Page 46 and 47: Progress in humandevelopment achiev
Page 48 and 49: BOX 1.7Social competencies: human d
Page 50 and 51: TABLE 1.3Inequality and satisfactio
Page 52 and 53: Not all countries havethe precondit
Page 54 and 55: “When the music changes,so does t
Page 56 and 57: BOX 2.1The South’s integration wi
Page 58 and 59: FIGURE 2.1As a share of world merch
Page 60 and 61: BOX 2.2Acquisitions by the South of
Page 62 and 63: FIGURE 2.3Between 2000 and 2010, In
Page 64 and 65: FIGURE 2.4Export earnings per capit
Page 66 and 67: BOX 2.6Final assembly is about more
Page 68 and 69: Instead of having a centreof indust
Page 70 and 71: FIGURE 2.6Emerging market economies
Page 74 and 75: “We cannot expect thatall nations
Page 76 and 77: TABLE 3.1Selected developing countr
Page 78 and 79: A common featureof countries thatha
Page 80 and 81: More important thangetting prices r
Page 82 and 83: BOX 3.5Eastern Europe and Central A
Page 84 and 85: States have to beconscious that the
Page 86 and 87: As countries develop,they tend to d
Page 88 and 89: Having weathered theAsian financial
Page 90 and 91: Providing publicservices that contr
Page 92 and 93: Advancing health requiresmore than
Page 94 and 95: Universal public healthand educatio
Page 96 and 97: • China. The Minimum Livelihood G
Page 98 and 99: “Each generation will reap whatth
Page 100 and 101: concerns will make for a complex en
Page 102 and 103: A greater emphasison education cans
Page 104 and 105: FIGURE 4.1Under the fast track scen
Page 106 and 107: Around the worldpeople are calling
Page 108 and 109: FIGURE 4.4Different environmental s
Page 110 and 111: FIGURE 4.5Education policies can al
Page 112 and 113: BOX 4.2China and Ghana: who benefit
Page 114 and 115: FIGURE 4.8countries thus converge t
Page 116 and 117: “Let us join hands to try tocreat
Page 118 and 119: Areas of globalinternational concer
Page 120 and 121: Addressing climatechange requires t
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International governanceis increasi
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BOX 5.2Jo Leinen, Member of the Eur
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facilitates reserve investments and
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Responsible sovereigntytakes the lo
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FIGURE 5.1Under the accelerated pro
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Good policymakingrequires greater f
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A fair and less unequalworld requir
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NotesOverview1 Atsmon and others 20
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25 Blinder 2006.26 UNIDO 2009.27 UN
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which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
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ReferencesAbdurazakov, A., A. Minsa
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urban_world_cities_and_the_rise_of_
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Kamau, P., D. McCormick, and N. Pin
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Labor Administration. Geneva: Inter
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Statistical acknowledgementsThe Rep
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Key to HDI countries and ranks, 201
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Statistical referencesADB (Asian De
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Core features of the model pertinen
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Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
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Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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