Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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in table 7. Table 8 comprises standard education indicatorsalong with indicators on education quality, including averagetest scores (and deviations from the average scores) in reading,mathematics and science. The education quality indicators arebased on standardized tests assigned to 15-year-old students bythe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–managedProgramme on International Student Assessmentusing the 2009 dataset for 63 UN Member States. Twoadditional indicators of education quality, primary educationteachers trained to teach and a perception-based indicator ofsatisfaction with the quality of education, complement the testbasedquality indicators.Table 9’s data on social integration indicate whether a societyis inclusive and integrated. In particular, indicators showthe extent of equal rights and opportunities for employment,overall inequality, human safety, and trust and communitysatisfaction. Complementary objective indicators and perception-basedindicators allow for a more nuanced picture ofsocial integration. Life, freedom and job satisfaction focus onindividuals’ views of their personal conditions, while trust inpeople and government, along with community satisfaction,give insight into people’s satisfaction with broader society.The extent to which a country is integrated into the globaleconomy is reflected in table 10. A distinction between tradein final goods and trade in parts and components is made tocapture the phenomenon of global value added and productionsharing, which have important policy implications forthe growth of world trade and for economic development incountries of the South.Indicators on two aspects of globalization: capital flows andhuman mobility are shown in table 11. Increasing foreigninvestment is one measure of growing economic globalization.Migration is an opportunity for work and to send funds backhome while expanding the labour force in recipient countries.Human mobility in all forms is also a potential factor incross-cultural understanding.Table 12 captures the importance of investment in researchand development to advancing human development and buildingcountry capacities to effectively adopt and use technologies.Table 13 sheds light on environmental sustainability. It showsthe proportion of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources inthe energy supply, presents three ways of looking at carbondioxide and greenhouse gas emissions data and shows importantmeasures for ecosystems and natural resources. The tablealso presents indicators on the direct human impacts of changesto the physical environment.Major population indicators needed to understand currentpopulation conditions and the direction of changes are presentedin table 14. Statistics on median age of the population, dependencyratios and total fertility rates can be compared to assess theburden on the labour force and the ability of societies to sustainthemselves. Deviations from the natural sex ratio at birth haveimplications for population replacement levels and indicategender bias and potential future social and economic problems.142 | Human Development Report 2013
Key to HDI countries and ranks, 2012Afghanistan175Albania70Algeria93Andorra33Angola148Antigua and Barbuda 67Argentina45Armenia87Australia2Austria18Azerbaijan82Bahamas49Bahrain48Bangladesh146Barbados38Belarus50Belgium17Belize96Benin166Bhutan140Bolivia, Plurinational State of 108Bosnia and Herzegovina 81Botswana119Brazil85Brunei Darussalam 30Bulgaria57Burkina Faso 183Burundi178Cambodia138Cameroon150Canada11Cape Verde 132Central African Republic 180Chad184Chile40China101Colombia91Comoros169Congo142Congo, Democratic Republic of the 186Costa Rica 62Côte d’Ivoire 168Croatia47Cuba59Cyprus31Czech Republic 28Denmark15Djibouti164Dominica72Dominican Republic 96Ecuador89Egypt112El Salvador 107Equatorial Guinea 136Eritrea181Estonia33Ethiopia173Fiji96Finland21France20Gabon106Gambia165Georgia72Germany5Ghana135Greece29Grenada63Guatemala133Guinea178Guinea-Bissau176Guyana118Haiti161Honduras120Hong Kong, China (SAR) 13Hungary37Iceland13India136Indonesia121Iran, Islamic Republic of 76Iraq131Ireland7Israel16Italy25Jamaica85Japan10Jordan100Kazakhstan69Kenya145Kiribati121Korea, Republic of 12Kuwait54Kyrgyzstan125Lao People’s Democratic Republic 138Latvia44Lebanon72Lesotho158Liberia174Libya64Liechtenstein24Lithuania41Luxembourg26Madagascar151Malawi170Malaysia64Maldives104Mali182Malta32Mauritania155Mauritius80Mexico61Micronesia, Federated States of 117Moldova, Republic of 113Mongolia108Montenegro52Morocco130Mozambique185Myanmar149Namibia128Nepal157Netherlands4New Zealand 6Nicaragua129Niger186Nigeria153Norway1Oman84Pakistan146Palau52Palestine, State of 110Panama59Papua New Guinea 156Paraguay111Peru77Philippines114Poland39Portugal43Qatar36Romania56Russian Federation 55Rwanda167Saint Kitts and Nevis 72Saint Lucia 88Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 83Samoa96Sao Tome and Principe 144Saudi Arabia 57Senegal154Serbia64Seychelles46Sierra Leone 177Singapore18Slovakia35Slovenia21Solomon Islands 143South Africa 121Spain23Sri Lanka 92Sudan171Suriname105Swaziland141Sweden7Switzerland9Syrian Arab Republic 116Tajikistan125Tanzania, United Republic of 152Thailand103The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 78Timor-Leste134Togo159Tonga95Trinidad and Tobago 67Tunisia94Turkey90Turkmenistan102Uganda161Ukraine78United Arab Emirates 41United Kingdom 26United States 3Uruguay51Uzbekistan114Vanuatu124Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 71Viet Nam 127Yemen160Zambia163Zimbabwe172Key to HDI countries and ranks, 2012 | 143
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WNSEHuman DevelopmentReport 2013The
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Human Development Report 2013The Ri
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Human Development Report 2013 TeamD
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Finally, the Report also calls for
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Heather Simpson, Ben Slay, Mounir T
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3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
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OverviewOne of the most heartening
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and sustainability are fully incorp
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Without investment in people, retur
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opportunity to reap the full benefi
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Woods institutions, the United Nati
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IntroductionWhen developed economie
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leading economies—Brazil, China a
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comparable access to information, e
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mobile phones: cellular banking is
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“The political problem ofmankind
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BOX 1.1Fairness, macroeconomics and
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BOX 1.3Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
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FIGURE 1.1Income per capita is risi
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BOX 1.4Subjective indicators of wel
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FIGURE 1.4There is notable variatio
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FIGURE 1.6Most regions show declini
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Progress in humandevelopment achiev
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BOX 1.7Social competencies: human d
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TABLE 1.3Inequality and satisfactio
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Not all countries havethe precondit
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“When the music changes,so does t
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BOX 2.1The South’s integration wi
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FIGURE 2.1As a share of world merch
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BOX 2.2Acquisitions by the South of
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FIGURE 2.3Between 2000 and 2010, In
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FIGURE 2.4Export earnings per capit
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BOX 2.6Final assembly is about more
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Instead of having a centreof indust
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FIGURE 2.6Emerging market economies
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Developing countriestrade more amon
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“We cannot expect thatall nations
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TABLE 3.1Selected developing countr
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A common featureof countries thatha
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More important thangetting prices r
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BOX 3.5Eastern Europe and Central A
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States have to beconscious that the
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As countries develop,they tend to d
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Having weathered theAsian financial
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Providing publicservices that contr
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Advancing health requiresmore than
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Universal public healthand educatio
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• China. The Minimum Livelihood G
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“Each generation will reap whatth
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concerns will make for a complex en
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A greater emphasison education cans
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Page 112 and 113: BOX 4.2China and Ghana: who benefit
Page 114 and 115: FIGURE 4.8countries thus converge t
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Page 118 and 119: Areas of globalinternational concer
Page 120 and 121: Addressing climatechange requires t
Page 122 and 123: International governanceis increasi
Page 124 and 125: BOX 5.2Jo Leinen, Member of the Eur
Page 126 and 127: facilitates reserve investments and
Page 128 and 129: Responsible sovereigntytakes the lo
Page 130 and 131: FIGURE 5.1Under the accelerated pro
Page 132 and 133: Good policymakingrequires greater f
Page 134 and 135: A fair and less unequalworld requir
Page 137 and 138: NotesOverview1 Atsmon and others 20
Page 139 and 140: 25 Blinder 2006.26 UNIDO 2009.27 UN
Page 141 and 142: which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
Page 143 and 144: ReferencesAbdurazakov, A., A. Minsa
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Page 147 and 148: Kamau, P., D. McCormick, and N. Pin
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Statistical referencesADB (Asian De
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Core features of the model pertinen
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Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
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