Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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“Each generation will reap whatthe former generation has sown.”Chinese proverb“We have to free half of thehuman race, the women,so that they can help tofree the other half.”Emmeline Pankhurst
4.Sustaining momentumMuch of the news about developing countries in recent decades has been positive, especially their accelerated progress inhuman development. But what of the future? Can these countries continue to advance human development at the same rapidpace, and can other countries in the South share in the benefits? Yes, with the right policies. These include enhancing equity,enabling voice and participation, confronting environmental pressures and managing demographic change. Policymakerswill need to strive for greater policy ambition and to understand the high cost of policy inaction.Over the next few years, policymakers in developingcountries will need to follow an ambitiousagenda that responds to difficult globalconditions, notably the economic slowdown,which has decreased demand from the North.At the same time, they will need to addresstheir own urgent policy priorities.Policy priorities fordeveloping countriesFour policy priorities stand out for developingcountries over the next few years if they are tocontinue the gains of recent decades and if thebenefits are to extend to countries still laggingbehind:• Enhancing equity. Equity and social justice,valuable in their own right, are importantfor expanding capabilities. 1 Progress in humandevelopment is difficult to sustain inthe face of growing or persistent inequity. 2Inequity in specific capabilities—for example,proxied and measured as disparitiesin health and education outcomes, as wellas in income—also impedes progress in humandevelopment, though the effects maybe less pronounced. At the core of thesenegative relationships is gender inequality:women’s health and education are crucial toaddressing demographic and other humandevelopment challenges. Although somecountries in Latin America and elsewherehave greatly reduced income inequality, notall countries recognize the importance ofaddressing inequality in health, educationand income. 3• Enabling voice and participation. As educationlevels rise and access to information andcommunication technologies spreads, peopleare demanding more participation in politicalprocesses, challenging decisionmakers to bemore accountable and expand opportunitiesfor open public discourse. Restrictedopportunities for political participation, ata time when unemployment is rising and theeconomic environment is deteriorating, canfuel civil unrest. Expanded opportunities forpolitical participation, along with greatergovernment accountability in ensuring thatbasic human needs are met, can foster humanfreedoms and sustain human development.Strong political participation by the relativelydeprived provides an important sourceof support for pro–human developmentpolicy change.• Confronting environmental pressures.Climate change and local stresses on naturalresources and ecosystems are increasingpressure on the environment in almost allcountries, regardless of their stage of development.Unless action is taken urgently,future progress in human developmentwill be threatened. Building on scenariosdeveloped for Human Development Report2011, this Report argues for aggressive actionnationally and internationally to tacklethese challenges.• Managing demographic change. In some developingcountries, mostly in Sub-SaharanAfrica, large cohorts of young people areentering the workforce. In other countries,notably in East Asia, the share of workingagepeople in the population is falling asthe share of elderly rises. New policy interventionsare needed to generate sufficientproductive employment while meeting thegrowing demand for social protection.There will be other challenges to humandevelopment, including volatile commodityprices, especially for food and fuel. In an increasinglyglobalized world, these and otherChapter 4 Sustaining momentum | 87
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WNSEHuman DevelopmentReport 2013The
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Human Development Report 2013The Ri
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Human Development Report 2013 TeamD
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Finally, the Report also calls for
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Heather Simpson, Ben Slay, Mounir T
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3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
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OverviewOne of the most heartening
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and sustainability are fully incorp
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Without investment in people, retur
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opportunity to reap the full benefi
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Woods institutions, the United Nati
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IntroductionWhen developed economie
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leading economies—Brazil, China a
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comparable access to information, e
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mobile phones: cellular banking is
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“The political problem ofmankind
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BOX 1.1Fairness, macroeconomics and
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BOX 1.3Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
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FIGURE 1.1Income per capita is risi
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BOX 1.4Subjective indicators of wel
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FIGURE 1.4There is notable variatio
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FIGURE 1.6Most regions show declini
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Progress in humandevelopment achiev
Page 48 and 49: BOX 1.7Social competencies: human d
Page 50 and 51: TABLE 1.3Inequality and satisfactio
Page 52 and 53: Not all countries havethe precondit
Page 54 and 55: “When the music changes,so does t
Page 56 and 57: BOX 2.1The South’s integration wi
Page 58 and 59: FIGURE 2.1As a share of world merch
Page 60 and 61: BOX 2.2Acquisitions by the South of
Page 62 and 63: FIGURE 2.3Between 2000 and 2010, In
Page 64 and 65: FIGURE 2.4Export earnings per capit
Page 66 and 67: BOX 2.6Final assembly is about more
Page 68 and 69: Instead of having a centreof indust
Page 70 and 71: FIGURE 2.6Emerging market economies
Page 72 and 73: Developing countriestrade more amon
Page 74 and 75: “We cannot expect thatall nations
Page 76 and 77: TABLE 3.1Selected developing countr
Page 78 and 79: A common featureof countries thatha
Page 80 and 81: More important thangetting prices r
Page 82 and 83: BOX 3.5Eastern Europe and Central A
Page 84 and 85: States have to beconscious that the
Page 86 and 87: As countries develop,they tend to d
Page 88 and 89: Having weathered theAsian financial
Page 90 and 91: Providing publicservices that contr
Page 92 and 93: Advancing health requiresmore than
Page 94 and 95: Universal public healthand educatio
Page 96 and 97: • China. The Minimum Livelihood G
Page 100 and 101: concerns will make for a complex en
Page 102 and 103: A greater emphasison education cans
Page 104 and 105: FIGURE 4.1Under the fast track scen
Page 106 and 107: Around the worldpeople are calling
Page 108 and 109: FIGURE 4.4Different environmental s
Page 110 and 111: FIGURE 4.5Education policies can al
Page 112 and 113: BOX 4.2China and Ghana: who benefit
Page 114 and 115: FIGURE 4.8countries thus converge t
Page 116 and 117: “Let us join hands to try tocreat
Page 118 and 119: Areas of globalinternational concer
Page 120 and 121: Addressing climatechange requires t
Page 122 and 123: International governanceis increasi
Page 124 and 125: BOX 5.2Jo Leinen, Member of the Eur
Page 126 and 127: facilitates reserve investments and
Page 128 and 129: Responsible sovereigntytakes the lo
Page 130 and 131: FIGURE 5.1Under the accelerated pro
Page 132 and 133: Good policymakingrequires greater f
Page 134 and 135: A fair and less unequalworld requir
Page 137 and 138: NotesOverview1 Atsmon and others 20
Page 139 and 140: 25 Blinder 2006.26 UNIDO 2009.27 UN
Page 141 and 142: which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
Page 143 and 144: ReferencesAbdurazakov, A., A. Minsa
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Labor Administration. Geneva: Inter
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Statistical acknowledgementsThe Rep
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Key to HDI countries and ranks, 201
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Statistical referencesADB (Asian De
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Core features of the model pertinen
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Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
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Human Development Report 2013 - UNDP

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