Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change - weADAPT

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lines of supply from often rural places of production to urban places of consumption,greater attention is now also being paid to the production of food within urban areas.The production of food within urban areas is an important component of urbanagriculture, along with systems of food processing, distribution and sale. Themanagement of waste from these processes is also an important element in this broadconception of urban agriculture.There is scope, therefore, for urban agriculture to make an important contribution tourban food security. This can in turn help build urban resilience and sustainable formsof urban life. However, to maximise its contribution and impact, urban agriculture mustbe integrated into broader food systems and into more comprehensive programs ofmetropolitan planning for resilience and sustainability. But food policy is rarelyconnected with other policy fields and if it is to become more influential it must becomemore integrated with other elements of urban policy.While the urban poor clearly experience all too intensely the effects of food insecurityand have limited means to overcome these effects, food insecurity affects all urbanresidents to some extent. While relatively wealthy urban residents may be better ablethan their poorer neighbours to afford to buy healthy and nutritious food they willnevertheless be similarly affected by major disruptions to urban food supplies.Anticipated climate change is likely to lead to more extreme weather events which arethe main source of these major disruptions to urban food supplies. Moreover, theviability and productivity of existing food production systems is also likely to beseriously compromised by local manifestations of climate change.Urban agriculture has the potential, therefore, to contribute to the adaptations that allcities are engaged in if they are to be more resilient in the face a variety of existentialthreats, including climate change. Insofar as it represents a form of localised foodproduction and consumption that requires fewer energy inputs than more spatiallyextensive and energy intensive forms, it also has the potential to help mitigate thefactors causing climate change.While there are few (if any) studies to date that have attempted quantify the potential ofurban agriculture to make cities more food secure, there are many which catalogue itssocial and community benefits. These include the development of stronger socialconnections in urban communities, increased awareness of the benefits of fresh fruitand vegetables and locally produced food in a healthy diet, greater appreciation of thesources of food and of the connections between processes of food preparation andfood quality. Urban agriculture also has the potential to re-establish connectionsbetween food and place that were once common in Australian cities, but which have toa great extent withered over the last four decades. All of these social impacts may beas significant as the nutritional benefits of urban agriculture.The increasingly complex systems of regulation that operate within Australian cities,especially those relating to land use planning, health and safety and the operation ofsmall businesses, often serve to thwart attempts to develop and grow new forms ofurban agriculture. While this may not be the intention of such regulatory regimes, theycan nevertheless inhibit unnecessarily these new enterprises.Urban agriculture represents, therefore, an important opportunity for cities to adapt inthe face of climate change. It is unlikely that the major cities of Australia will everbecome completely self-sufficient in food, but through greater support for urbanagriculture they are likely to become more food secure. This in turn will contribute tothe overall resilience of Australian cities and to their sustainable growth in the future.Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change 99
APPENDIX 2: URBAN FOOD SECURITY, URBAN RESILIENCEAND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REPORT ON FIELDWORK INMELBOURNE AND THE GOLD COASTSeptember 2012Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change 100
Page 1 and 2:
Synthesis and Integrative ResearchF
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Published by the National Climate C
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ABSTRACTFood security is increasing
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1. a review of the literature: on n
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its Food for All project. This help
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In response to the existential thre
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2. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCHFood i
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debates and to the more systematic
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organisation in the past few years.
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4. RESULTSIn this section we presen
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increasing productivity. Thus, whil
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people and the origins of their foo
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urban food supply chains. Thus, whi
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This logistics system is dominated
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Like Hodgson et al., as per definit
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esilient, powerful by being locally
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volume or even its contribution to
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community food growing can have on
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generations this history has been f
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a stronger focus on addressing the
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The third key aspect is fairness -
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climate (which we live and work in
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agriculture. Eight percent is in ur
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This concept of the ‘spaces in be
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esearch scientist and chair of the
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As discussed above, protection of t
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4.2.5 What is the extent and the im
Page 60 and 61: no place under the panoply of pract
Page 62 and 63: increased, the market dominance of
Page 64 and 65: … the residents of S Park called
Page 66 and 67: 5. CONCLUSIONSThere is growing conc
Page 68 and 69: urban resilience. This inevitably c
Page 70 and 71: In many respects these contrasting
Page 72 and 73: Many interviewees of both standpoin
Page 74 and 75: a given area. The rationale for thi
Page 76 and 77: mapping the location of sources of
Page 78 and 79: Australian food policy debates refl
Page 80 and 81: APPENDIX 1: URBAN FOOD SECURITY, UR
Page 82 and 83: IntroductionGlobally, and in Austra
Page 84 and 85: Review methodsThis stage of the res
Page 86 and 87: despite many of the causes of food
Page 88 and 89: …by 2050… food production will
Page 90 and 91: 2. How is food security (in general
Page 92 and 93: the food security of cities, but no
Page 94 and 95: While some see the density of devel
Page 96 and 97: when suppliers, distributors, and c
Page 98 and 99: a more prominent role in enhancing
Page 100 and 101: community gardens webpage on the Co
Page 102 and 103: comprehensive description of the ca
Page 104 and 105: In both the developed and developin
Page 106 and 107: Their review notes a significant in
Page 110 and 111: 1 IntroductionCities have always be
Page 112 and 113: Despite some attempts to curb urban
Page 114 and 115: the Gold Coast remains a city that
Page 116 and 117: ackyard/community gardenernot affil
Page 118 and 119: level in local government. VicHealt
Page 120: Figure 2: Impacts on Municipal Food
Page 125 and 126: security I recognise that the cost
Page 127 and 128: United States, he offered the follo
Page 129 and 130: This vision highlights the multi-fu
Page 131 and 132: An environmental education centre.
Page 133 and 134: Melbourne Food ForestA Melbourne ga
Page 135 and 136: stakeholder consultations, the repo
Page 137 and 138: can. We sense the changes. The earl
Page 139 and 140: half-desert environments. We’re g
Page 141 and 142: etain its basic function and struct
Page 143 and 144: government; and that trying to get
Page 145 and 146: the north and the west, where it wo
Page 147 and 148: Why do people buy so much food that
Page 149 and 150: urban agriculture (however broadly
Page 151 and 152: enefits and risks. Before we can co
Page 153 and 154: Another important and tangible role
Page 155 and 156: coast without any problems whatsoev
Page 157 and 158: BIBLIOGRAPHYAECOM (2011) Scoping St
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Burns, C. I., A. (2007). Measuring
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Edwards, F., & Mercer, D. (2010). M
Page 163 and 164:
James, S. O’Neill, P. and Dimeski
Page 165 and 166:
Millar, R., 2012, ‘Government shi
Page 167 and 168:
Saltmarsh, N. M., J; Longhurst, N.
Page 169 and 170:
Walker B., 2008, Resilience Thinkin
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