Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change - weADAPT

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TABLE OF CONTENTSABSTRACT................................................................................................................................... IIEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. III1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 12. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH .................................................................................... 63. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND METHODS ......................................................................... 73.1 RESEARCH DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 73.1.1 Systematic reviews.................................................................................................... 73.1.2 Case study research ................................................................................................. 83.2 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................. 113.3 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON ........................................................................................ 114. RESULTS ............................................................................................................................ 124.1 RESULTS FROM LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................. 124.1.1 What do we mean by food security? ....................................................................... 124.1.2 How is food security likely to be impacted by climate change? .............................. 174.1.3 What do we mean by urban agriculture? ................................................................ 204.1.4 How might urban agriculture contribute to greater food security? .......................... 224.1.5 What is the extent and impact of urban agriculture in Australian cities? ................ 254.1.6 What are the barriers to the more widespread adoption of urban agriculture inAustralian cities? ................................................................................................................. 284.2 RESULTS FROM CASE STUDY FIELDWORK ........................................................................ 314.2.1 What do we mean by food security? ....................................................................... 314.2.2 How is food security likely to be impacted by climate change? .............................. 354.2.3 What do we mean by urban agriculture? ................................................................ 404.2.4 How might urban agriculture contribute to greater food security? .......................... 424.2.5 What is the extent and the impacts of urban agriculture in Melbourne and the GoldCoast? 474.2.6 What are the barriers to more widespread adoption of urban agriculture inAustralian cities? ................................................................................................................. 515. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................. 575.1 THE CONCEPT OF FOOD SECURITY .................................................................................. 575.2 IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON URBAN FOOD SECURITY ............................................... 595.3 THE CONTRIBUTION OF URBAN AGRICULTURE .................................................................. 605.4 FUTURE POSSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 646. GAPS IN RESEARCH AND POLICY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS ................................. 666.1 RESEARCH GAPS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS ..................................................................... 666.2 POLICY GAPS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS .......................................................................... 68APPENDIX 1: URBAN FOOD SECURITY, URBAN RESILIENCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE 71APPENDIX 2: URBAN FOOD SECURITY, URBAN RESILIENCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE: AREPORT ON FIELDWORK IN MELBOURNE AND THE GOLD COAST ............................... 100BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 148Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change i
ABSTRACTFood security is increasingly recognised as a problem in developed countries likeAustralia as well as in developing countries of the global south, and as a problemfacing cities and urban populations in these countries. Despite producing more foodthan is consumed in Australia, certain groups in particular, places are finding itincreasingly difficult to access nutritious and healthy food at affordable prices.Moreover, whole urban populations have found their food supply lines severelycompromised by major disasters such as floods and cyclones which are expected tohave greater impacts as the climate changes.This changing landscape of food production, distribution and consumption has drawnattention to the nature of contemporary urban food systems in general and to thesecurity and resilience of urban food systems in particular. This has in turn highlightedthe extent of urban agriculture and its potential to play a greater role in strengtheningthe food security of Australian cities and building urban resilience in a changingclimate.This report presents the results of a synthesis and integrative research project thatexplored these issues through a critical review of relevant literature and case studyresearch in two cities. It had three main aims:1. to increase our knowledge of the current extent of urban agriculture in Australiancities;2. to review its capacity to play a more prominent role in enhancing urban foodsecurity and urban resilience and;3. to assess the impacts of climate change on the capacity of urban agriculture toenhance food security and urban resilience.The research provides much needed up-to-date information on the extent of currenturban agricultural practices, a critical review of good practice in Australia and beyondand an analysis of the opportunities and barriers to the expansion of these practices,especially in the face of climate change.Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change ii
Page 1 and 2: Synthesis and Integrative ResearchF
Page 3: Published by the National Climate C
Page 7 and 8: 1. a review of the literature: on n
Page 9 and 10: its Food for All project. This help
Page 13 and 14: In response to the existential thre
Page 15 and 16: 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCHFood i
Page 17 and 18: debates and to the more systematic
Page 19 and 20: organisation in the past few years.
Page 21 and 22: 4. RESULTSIn this section we presen
Page 23 and 24: increasing productivity. Thus, whil
Page 25 and 26: people and the origins of their foo
Page 27 and 28: urban food supply chains. Thus, whi
Page 29 and 30: This logistics system is dominated
Page 31 and 32: Like Hodgson et al., as per definit
Page 33 and 34: esilient, powerful by being locally
Page 35 and 36: volume or even its contribution to
Page 37: community food growing can have on
Page 40 and 41: generations this history has been f
Page 42 and 43: a stronger focus on addressing the
Page 44 and 45: The third key aspect is fairness -
Page 46 and 47: climate (which we live and work in
Page 48 and 49: agriculture. Eight percent is in ur
Page 50 and 51: This concept of the ‘spaces in be
Page 52 and 53: esearch scientist and chair of the
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As discussed above, protection of t
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4.2.5 What is the extent and the im
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no place under the panoply of pract
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increased, the market dominance of
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… the residents of S Park called
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5. CONCLUSIONSThere is growing conc
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urban resilience. This inevitably c
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In many respects these contrasting
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Many interviewees of both standpoin
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a given area. The rationale for thi
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mapping the location of sources of
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Australian food policy debates refl
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APPENDIX 1: URBAN FOOD SECURITY, UR
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IntroductionGlobally, and in Austra
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Review methodsThis stage of the res
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despite many of the causes of food
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…by 2050… food production will
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2. How is food security (in general
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the food security of cities, but no
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While some see the density of devel
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when suppliers, distributors, and c
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a more prominent role in enhancing
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community gardens webpage on the Co
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comprehensive description of the ca
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In both the developed and developin
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Their review notes a significant in
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lines of supply from often rural pl
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1 IntroductionCities have always be
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Despite some attempts to curb urban
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the Gold Coast remains a city that
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ackyard/community gardenernot affil
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level in local government. VicHealt
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Figure 2: Impacts on Municipal Food
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security I recognise that the cost
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United States, he offered the follo
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This vision highlights the multi-fu
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An environmental education centre.
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Melbourne Food ForestA Melbourne ga
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stakeholder consultations, the repo
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can. We sense the changes. The earl
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half-desert environments. We’re g
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etain its basic function and struct
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government; and that trying to get
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the north and the west, where it wo
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Why do people buy so much food that
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urban agriculture (however broadly
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enefits and risks. Before we can co
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Another important and tangible role
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coast without any problems whatsoev
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAECOM (2011) Scoping St
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Burns, C. I., A. (2007). Measuring
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Edwards, F., & Mercer, D. (2010). M
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James, S. O’Neill, P. and Dimeski
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Millar, R., 2012, ‘Government shi
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Saltmarsh, N. M., J; Longhurst, N.
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Walker B., 2008, Resilience Thinkin
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