Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change - weADAPT

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… the residents of S Park called a public meeting, which some of us attended,and the residents were extremely aggressive and they were really feeding offeach other and getting very, very upset about the situation...it was going to bringdown property prices and there was somebody there who worked in a real estateagents saying this again and again so they really picked that up. And then one ofour members was actually accosted [by someone] who said – you won’t get agarden there over my dead body, I don’t want o you hippies coming in sellingyour drugs and turning my kids into druggies – so that was very hard for some ofour members because most of them are older and retired. Most of them are notgardeners at all...a lot of the regular members are single women, older, around60...and R who’s a permaculturalist ...After this meeting it was clear to the group that this site was not viable because of theintensity of local opposition and they agreed instead to invite a council officer from GoldCoast Parks to attend one of their meetings to talk about what might happen next. Thishas not yet occurred and the group now rents a plot at a site run by Gold CoastPermaculture so that those keen to grow food are able to do so.The experience of dealing with the council has not been especially encouraging for thegroup, although they recognise that support has been forthcoming from both officersand councillors. The main problems appear to have been in relation to communicationand to joined-up local governance (or lack of it). It appears that a consistent messageabout what is possible and where it might be possible has not been forthcoming fromcouncil. This may well reflect a lack of communication between different sections ofcouncil. There is also evidence of a somewhat heavy handed regulatory approach,again compounded on occasions by poor communication. For example, in planning thefencing for their garden the group was required to obtain a number of quotes for theirpreferred fencing, but ultimately discovered, ‘...oh you can have any style of fence youwant, but it has to be three foot high with black mesh!’.The group also experienced significant problems in planning for toilet facilities, as oneof the designs presented to them (by one of the support officers) was for vegetablebeds accessible to people in wheelchairs. This in turn triggered a requirement toprovide a toilet accessible to disabled people and a debate about the scope forproviding a composting toilet that also met this requirement. The point is not that thegroup was opposed to making the garden accessible or that they were insistent on acomposting toilet, rather than what was acceptable or not to the Council was neverentirely clear to the group.These issues were compounded by the group adopting a highly participatory style oforganisation, which of necessity required meetings of the membership to determinetheir requirements and preferences. Unsurprisingly, after over two years of planning fora community garden but not achieving one, the active membership of the group hasdwindled to between 10 and 20 people, out of a total membership of around 90. Andsome active members are concerned that their initial reasons for joining are not beingfulfilled:I joined the garden to be outside and to talk to people; I seem to spend most ofmy time sitting in front of the computer screen doing the administration for it.Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change 55
while another mentioned that they thought the council’s template would tell them whatto do:… so we wouldn’t have to do anything like this, all we would be doing wasdigging in the garden or whatever and you know, planting plants.This short case study illustrates how the best of intentions from a variety of prospectivepartners do not always lead to successful outcomes and may even frustrate peoplewith valuable enthusiasm. If Gold Coast City Council is to realise its ambition ofsupporting a citywide network of productive and flourishing community gardens and toextend this support to other forms of urban agriculture then it must re-state the politicalcommitment to this aspect of its city building ambitions, ensure that different parts ofthe council work more effectively together and allocate sufficient funds to make adifference. A review of local regulatory regimes to determine their impact on smallscale urban agriculture would also be welcome.Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change 56
Page 1 and 2:
Synthesis and Integrative ResearchF
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Published by the National Climate C
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ABSTRACTFood security is increasing
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1. a review of the literature: on n
Page 9 and 10:
its Food for All project. This help
Page 13 and 14: In response to the existential thre
Page 15 and 16: 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCHFood i
Page 17 and 18: debates and to the more systematic
Page 19 and 20: organisation in the past few years.
Page 21 and 22: 4. RESULTSIn this section we presen
Page 23 and 24: increasing productivity. Thus, whil
Page 25 and 26: people and the origins of their foo
Page 27 and 28: urban food supply chains. Thus, whi
Page 29 and 30: This logistics system is dominated
Page 31 and 32: Like Hodgson et al., as per definit
Page 33 and 34: esilient, powerful by being locally
Page 35 and 36: volume or even its contribution to
Page 37: community food growing can have on
Page 40 and 41: generations this history has been f
Page 42 and 43: a stronger focus on addressing the
Page 44 and 45: The third key aspect is fairness -
Page 46 and 47: climate (which we live and work in
Page 48 and 49: agriculture. Eight percent is in ur
Page 50 and 51: This concept of the ‘spaces in be
Page 52 and 53: esearch scientist and chair of the
Page 54 and 55: As discussed above, protection of t
Page 56: 4.2.5 What is the extent and the im
Page 60 and 61: no place under the panoply of pract
Page 62 and 63: increased, the market dominance of
Page 66 and 67: 5. CONCLUSIONSThere is growing conc
Page 68 and 69: urban resilience. This inevitably c
Page 70 and 71: In many respects these contrasting
Page 72 and 73: Many interviewees of both standpoin
Page 74 and 75: a given area. The rationale for thi
Page 76 and 77: mapping the location of sources of
Page 78 and 79: Australian food policy debates refl
Page 80 and 81: APPENDIX 1: URBAN FOOD SECURITY, UR
Page 82 and 83: IntroductionGlobally, and in Austra
Page 84 and 85: Review methodsThis stage of the res
Page 86 and 87: despite many of the causes of food
Page 88 and 89: …by 2050… food production will
Page 90 and 91: 2. How is food security (in general
Page 92 and 93: the food security of cities, but no
Page 94 and 95: While some see the density of devel
Page 96 and 97: when suppliers, distributors, and c
Page 98 and 99: a more prominent role in enhancing
Page 100 and 101: community gardens webpage on the Co
Page 102 and 103: comprehensive description of the ca
Page 104 and 105: In both the developed and developin
Page 106 and 107: Their review notes a significant in
Page 108 and 109: lines of supply from often rural pl
Page 110 and 111: 1 IntroductionCities have always be
Page 112 and 113: Despite some attempts to curb urban
Page 114 and 115:
the Gold Coast remains a city that
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ackyard/community gardenernot affil
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level in local government. VicHealt
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Figure 2: Impacts on Municipal Food
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security I recognise that the cost
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United States, he offered the follo
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This vision highlights the multi-fu
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An environmental education centre.
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Melbourne Food ForestA Melbourne ga
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stakeholder consultations, the repo
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can. We sense the changes. The earl
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half-desert environments. We’re g
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etain its basic function and struct
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government; and that trying to get
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the north and the west, where it wo
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Why do people buy so much food that
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urban agriculture (however broadly
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enefits and risks. Before we can co
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Another important and tangible role
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coast without any problems whatsoev
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAECOM (2011) Scoping St
Page 159 and 160:
Burns, C. I., A. (2007). Measuring
Page 161 and 162:
Edwards, F., & Mercer, D. (2010). M
Page 163 and 164:
James, S. O’Neill, P. and Dimeski
Page 165 and 166:
Millar, R., 2012, ‘Government shi
Page 167 and 168:
Saltmarsh, N. M., J; Longhurst, N.
Page 169 and 170:
Walker B., 2008, Resilience Thinkin
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