Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change - weADAPT

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Australian food policy debates reflect these current discourses to some extent, but asthe recently published Green Paper on the National Food Plan illustrates, there is apreoccupation with large scale agricultural production and its capacity to develop newmarket opportunities beyond Australia. The belief that Australia has a ‘strong, safe andstable food system with a high level of food security’ (Australian Government, 2012)supports a focus on feeding the rest of the world, rather than helping Australians feedthemselves better.With this national level focus, it is not surprising that little policy attention is paid tothreats to urban food supply lines or to broader conceptions of urban food security andfood sovereignty. The experience of the Victorian government’s promotion of a moreholistic approach to state-wide food policy in recent years demonstrates the potentialfor state action to enable and encourage exemplary and innovative action at theneighbourhood scale in cities and peri-urban areas. That same experience alsodemonstrates the fragility of these policy initiatives.The enthusiasm and commitment of an increasing number of people to local foodproduction, processing, sale and consumption in cities, often as part of broaderprograms to build urban resilience, can be supported by public policy from all levels ofgovernment if there is political will to do so and if the information on the contributionthat urban food supply can make to an urban area is accurate (see James et al., 2010for a discussion on this).This policy support does not have to be at the expense of other areas of foodproduction, although there may be tensions between measures that support large scaleagriculture and the maintenance of a highly concentrated food retail sector and thosethat support small scale, local alternatives. However, for public policy measures of thistype to develop, there has to be a greater degree of awareness and appreciation thatAustralian city dwellers may not be as food secure as is assumed. In addition to thosegroups commonly recognised as facing difficulties in accessing and affording nutritiousfood (people living in remote Indigenous communities, people on low incomes andpeople with limited mobility), it is important to recognise also that the food supply linesto all Australian cities are vulnerable to a number of threats, especially those increasedby climate change, such as floods, fires and storms.With this recognition, alongside an acknowledgement that urban and peri-urbanagriculture in all its forms can play a part making Australian cities more food secure,there is scope to develop a set of policy measures across all levels of government thatsupport and enhance local initiatives.We offer some initial suggestions for such measures below:support for temporary land uses for suitable urban agricultural purposes;recognition in metropolitan plans of the existence and value of agricultural landwithin urban footprints and in peri-urban areas;recognition of the value of communal gardening spaces in the assessment ofdevelopment applications for residential subdivisions;collection and use of organic food waste for composting;Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change 69
support for school and hospital gardens, including expert advice on gardeningtechniques;regulatory impact assessment processing, selling and consumption of foodwithin cities.Urban food security, urban resilience and climate change 70
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Synthesis and Integrative ResearchF
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Published by the National Climate C
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ABSTRACTFood security is increasing
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1. a review of the literature: on n
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its Food for All project. This help
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In response to the existential thre
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2. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCHFood i
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debates and to the more systematic
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organisation in the past few years.
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4. RESULTSIn this section we presen
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increasing productivity. Thus, whil
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people and the origins of their foo
Page 27 and 28: urban food supply chains. Thus, whi
Page 29 and 30: This logistics system is dominated
Page 31 and 32: Like Hodgson et al., as per definit
Page 33 and 34: esilient, powerful by being locally
Page 35 and 36: volume or even its contribution to
Page 37: community food growing can have on
Page 40 and 41: generations this history has been f
Page 42 and 43: a stronger focus on addressing the
Page 44 and 45: The third key aspect is fairness -
Page 46 and 47: climate (which we live and work in
Page 48 and 49: agriculture. Eight percent is in ur
Page 50 and 51: This concept of the ‘spaces in be
Page 52 and 53: esearch scientist and chair of the
Page 54 and 55: As discussed above, protection of t
Page 56: 4.2.5 What is the extent and the im
Page 60 and 61: no place under the panoply of pract
Page 62 and 63: increased, the market dominance of
Page 64 and 65: … the residents of S Park called
Page 66 and 67: 5. CONCLUSIONSThere is growing conc
Page 68 and 69: urban resilience. This inevitably c
Page 70 and 71: In many respects these contrasting
Page 72 and 73: Many interviewees of both standpoin
Page 74 and 75: a given area. The rationale for thi
Page 76 and 77: mapping the location of sources of
Page 80 and 81: APPENDIX 1: URBAN FOOD SECURITY, UR
Page 82 and 83: IntroductionGlobally, and in Austra
Page 84 and 85: Review methodsThis stage of the res
Page 86 and 87: despite many of the causes of food
Page 88 and 89: …by 2050… food production will
Page 90 and 91: 2. How is food security (in general
Page 92 and 93: the food security of cities, but no
Page 94 and 95: While some see the density of devel
Page 96 and 97: when suppliers, distributors, and c
Page 98 and 99: a more prominent role in enhancing
Page 100 and 101: community gardens webpage on the Co
Page 102 and 103: comprehensive description of the ca
Page 104 and 105: In both the developed and developin
Page 106 and 107: Their review notes a significant in
Page 108 and 109: lines of supply from often rural pl
Page 110 and 111: 1 IntroductionCities have always be
Page 112 and 113: Despite some attempts to curb urban
Page 114 and 115: the Gold Coast remains a city that
Page 116 and 117: ackyard/community gardenernot affil
Page 118 and 119: level in local government. VicHealt
Page 120: Figure 2: Impacts on Municipal Food
Page 125 and 126: security I recognise that the cost
Page 127 and 128: United States, he offered the follo
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This vision highlights the multi-fu
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An environmental education centre.
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Melbourne Food ForestA Melbourne ga
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stakeholder consultations, the repo
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can. We sense the changes. The earl
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half-desert environments. We’re g
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etain its basic function and struct
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government; and that trying to get
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the north and the west, where it wo
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Why do people buy so much food that
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urban agriculture (however broadly
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enefits and risks. Before we can co
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Another important and tangible role
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coast without any problems whatsoev
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAECOM (2011) Scoping St
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Burns, C. I., A. (2007). Measuring
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Edwards, F., & Mercer, D. (2010). M
Page 163 and 164:
James, S. O’Neill, P. and Dimeski
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Millar, R., 2012, ‘Government shi
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Saltmarsh, N. M., J; Longhurst, N.
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Walker B., 2008, Resilience Thinkin
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