the-evolution-of-international-security-studies

152 the cold war challenge to national securityGreat powerpoliticsSame as with Strategic Studies• North–South relationsPEACERESEARCHAND ITSOFFSHOOTSInstitutionalisation• founding oforganisations andprogrammes• conferences• specialisedjournals• associationsTechnologySame as with Strategic Studies• arms control treaties, the mediaEventsSame as with StrategicStudies• formation of NATO• formation of theEuropean EconomicCommunity• peace movements• decolonisation• US/Western political andeconomic involvement in theglobal South• environmental degradation(acid rain, pesticides, etc.)• women’s movementsAcademic debate• foundational multidisciplinarity,changeto IR main field• normative debates• ‘two cultures’concern• quantitative,qualitative-positivist,and post-positivistepistemologies• Liberal, Marxist,Feminist theoriesFigure 5.3.The main drivers behind Peace Research and its offshootsthe Arms Control Association in 1971 and became the publisher of ForeignPolicy (www.carnegieendowment.org/about/index.cfm?fa=history –last accessed 8 December 2007). The Social Science Research Council(SSRC) has also played a major role as an institution mostly fundedby large Liberal foundations: the Ford Foundation, the MacArthurFoundation and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. In the Nordic area,the Nordic Cooperation Committee for International Politics, includingConflict and Peace Research (NORDSAM), funded smaller PeaceResearch projects and the joint committees of the Nordic Social ScienceResearch Councils sponsored the publication of the JPR (Gleditsch,2004: 15).The main drivers of Peace Research and its offshoots are shownin Figure 5.3. One should note that the main box at the top centre,