the-evolution-of-international-security-studies

182 international security studies post-cold war‘new world disorder’ than a dominant threat to international security.The same could be said for a smaller literature about transnational crime(Williams, 1994).Partly in response to both the ‘clash of civilizations’ discourse andto long-standing concerns about the Middle East, the security implicationsof Islam became a notable post-Cold War topic (J. Miller, 1993;Salame, 1993; Ahrari, 1994; Hashemi, 1996; Karawan, 1997; Dawisha,2000; Rabasa, 2003), At this point, the security interest in Islam was notspecifically because of any link to terrorism, which unlike during the ColdWar was mainly being discussed in more general and global terms. It did,however, seem to be part of a growing concern not just amongst traditionalists(Seul, 1999; S. M. Thomas, 2000; Fox, 2001, 2007; Haynes, 2008),but also amongst wideners (Lausten and Wæver, 2000), about the politicaland security implications of religion. There were special issues on this atboth ends of the spectrum: Orbis, 43:2 (1998) ‘Religion in World Affairs’and Millennium 29:3 (2000) ‘Religion and International Relations’. Thismore general interest played as much to concerns about the influence ofthe religious right in US politics as it did to worries about Third WorldIslamic extremism.Aside from interest in current events, the ISS literature of the 1990sbegan to show its age. The so-called post-Cold War era was its seconddistinct era, and some literature reflected a growing element of historyin ISS, looking back on some Cold War events, most notably the CubaMissile Crisis (Scott and Smith, 1994; Bernstein, 2000; Pressman, 2001).InstitutionalisationIn chapters 4 and 5, we recorded the very successful institutionalisationof both Strategic Studies and Peace Research, and speculated that thisvery success would generate a problem of overcapacity in a post-ColdWar world in which much of the military agenda had either shrunk ordisappeared. In fact, although there was some shrinkage of funding anda transitional period of anxiety and uncertainty, there was no generalisedinstitutional crisis. As can be seen from the story in this chapter so far,the traditionalist wing of ISS still found plenty on its agenda, and mostfelt secure enough to resist the temptation to widen it. Substantively, ISSrecovered very quickly from the loss of its Cold War core, and most of itsinstitutional structure remained intact. The content of university coursesin ISS changed, but the courses themselves mostly did not disappear, andthe subject certainly did not. Much the same was true of think-tanks. A few,