the-evolution-of-international-security-studies

174 international security studies post-cold warWithin this general literature there continued to be many studies ofparticular countries and regions. This was mainly empirical and policyorientatedwork providing updates on technological and political developments,and mainly it stemmed from worry about the decay of the nonproliferationregime. As pessimism spread about the prospects for moreproliferation, and as specific countries moved towards, or crossed, thenuclear threshold, this part of the literature expanded dramatically. Therewere some global surveys (Goldblat, 2000), and some with a regionalfocus, mainly on Asia (East and South) (Delpech, 1998/9; Bracken, 1999;Cirincione, 2000; Cha, 2001) or the Middle East (Fahmy, 1998). Therewas still some interest in Europe generally (Croft, 1996; Tertrais, 1999),and in individual European states. 4 Post-Soviet Russia and the other successorstates were new entrants into the proliferation literature (Hopf,1992; Walker, 1992; Zagorski, 1992; Gottemoeller, 1996; Baker, 1997),Russia about becoming a source of nuclear weapons for other proliferants(Blank, 2000), and Ukraine and others as possible new nuclear weaponstates (S. E. Miller, 1993). In the event, the other successor states soongave up their nuclear weapons, but a potentially leaky Russia remained asource of worry.In Asia, in addition to the general concern about proliferation chains,there were many more specific studies, again with a largely empiricaland policy focus updating technological and political developments. AsChina moved closer to international society, interest picked up in itsrole within the non-proliferation regime (Wallerstein, 1996; Gill andMedeiros, 2000; Malik, 2000). Elsewhere in Northeast Asia, North Koreabecame a major focus as it moved to break away from its obligationsunder the NPT (Mack, 1991, 1993, 1994; Bracken, 1993; Cotton, 1993;Kang, 1994; Masaki, 1994/5; Mazarr, 1995b; Hughes, 1996; Kim, 1996;Moltz and Mansourov, 2000; Lee, 2001). Southeast Asia made a briefentry because of its nuclear weapon free zone agreement, even althoughthere were no states there suspected of interest in going nuclear (Dewittand Bow, 1996; Acharya and Boutin, 1998). So, too, did Africa, followingon from the denuclearisation of South Africa (Ogunbanwo, 1996).The other major focus of proliferation attention in Asia was the everfractious relationship between India and Pakistan as they drifted towardsthe nuclear threshold (Chellaney, 1993; Perkovich, 1993b; Reiss, 1993;4 France (S. Cohen, 1994; Gordon, 1995; Yost, 1996; Jabko and Weber, 1998), Germany(Kötter and Müller, 1991) and Britain (Bailes, 1993; Heuser, 1993; Croft, 1994; O’Neill,1995; Chalmers, 1999).