47.5 MB - The Whole Building Design Guide

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2.2.2.2 Structural Damage.......................................................................2-432.2.2.3 Nonstructural Damage.................................................................2-462.2.2.4 Utility System Damage.................................................................2-492.2.2.5 Contents Damage.........................................................................2-522.3 Requirements and Best Practices in Special Hazard Areas...................................................... 2-552.3.1 Risk Reduction in “A Zones” .........................................................................2-552.3.1.1 Site Modifications.........................................................................2-552.3.1.2 Elevation Considerations.............................................................2-582.3.1.3 Flood-Resistant Materials ............................................................2-622.3.1.4 Dry Floodproofing Considerations ............................................2-642.3.2 Risk Reduction in “V Zones” .........................................................................2-682.3.2.1 Elevation Considerations.............................................................2-692.3.2.2 Flood-Resistant Materials ............................................................2-702.3.3 Risk Reduction in “Coastal A Zones” ............................................................2-702.3.4 Risk Reduction in Hurricane Storm Surge Areas ........................................2-722.3.5 Risk Reduction for Related Facilities.............................................................2-732.3.5.1 Access Roads ................................................................................2-732.3.5.2 Utility Installations ......................................................................2-742.3.5.3 Potable Water and Wastewater Systems......................................2-762.3.5.4 Storage Tank Installations ...........................................................2-772.3.5.5 Accessory Structures ....................................................................2-772.4 Risk Reduction for Existing Critical Facilities........................................................................ 2-782.4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................2-782.4.2 Site Modifications ...........................................................................................2-792.4.3 Additions .........................................................................................................2-812.4.4 Repairs, Renovations, and Upgrades.............................................................2-822.4.5 Retrofit Dry Floodproofing ...........................................................................2-83table of contentsxi
2.4.6 Utility Installations .........................................................................................2-842.4.7 Potable Water and Wastewater Systems.........................................................2-862.4.8 Other Damage Reduction Measures .............................................................2-872.4.9 Emergency Measures......................................................................................2-882.5 Checklist for Building Vulnerability of Flood-Prone Critical Facilities..............................................2-912.6 References and Sources of Additional Information...................................................................2-100Chapter 3– Making Critical facilities safe from High wind........3-13.1 General Design Considerations............................................................................................. 3-13.1.1 Nature of High Winds.......................................................................................3-23.1.2 Probability of Occurrence................................................................................3-53.1.3 Wind/Building Interactions.............................................................................3-83.1.4 Building Codes................................................................................................3-183.1.4.1 Scope of Building Codes..............................................................3-183.1.4.2 Effectiveness and Limitations of Building Codes.......................3-193.2 Critical Facilities Exposed to High Winds............................................................................. 3-233.2.1 Vulnerability: What High Winds Can Do to Critical Facilities......................3-233.2.1.1 Types of Building Damage...........................................................3-233.2.1.2 Ramifications of Damage.............................................................3-263.2.2 Evaluating Critical Facilities for Risk From High Winds..............................3-293.2.2.1 New Buildings...............................................................................3-293.2.2.2 Existing Buildings.........................................................................3-303.3 Critical Facility Design Considerations................................................................................. 3-323.3.1 General Design Considerations......................................................................3-323.3.1.1 Site ................................................................................................3-333.3.1.2 Building Design..............................................................................3-34xiitable of contents
Page 1 and 2: Risk Management SeriesDesign Guidef
Page 3 and 4: Any opinions, findings, conclusions
Page 5 and 6: ational during and after a major di
Page 7 and 8: TARGET AUDIENCEThis manual describe
Page 9 and 10: Appendix A contains a list of acron
Page 11 and 12: Forster, FEMA; David Godschalk, Uni
Page 13: Chapter 2- Making Critical faciliti
Page 19 and 20: 4.4.8 Utility Plumbing Systems.....
Page 21 and 22: avoid them when feasible. In cases
Page 23 and 24: It then crossed Florida into the Gu
Page 25: Figure 1-2: Mississippi coast SLOSH
Page 28 and 29: isks for the facility at the propos
Page 30 and 31: m Appoint a building program manage
Page 32 and 33: -Figure 1-3: Process flow chart for
Page 34 and 35: hazards, usually refers to a buildi
Page 36 and 37: occurrence during a specified time
Page 38 and 39: ut is moderate overall. Some hazard
Page 40 and 41: words, the acceptable performance o
Page 42 and 43: prior to the onset of this level of
Page 44 and 45: 1.4 REFERENCESAmerican Society of C
Page 46 and 47: MAKING CRITICAL FACILITIES SAFE FRO
Page 48 and 49: m Land subsidence, which increases
Page 50 and 51: valley or the presence of obstructi
Page 52 and 53: 2.1.1.1 Probability of Occurrence o
Page 54 and 55: year, a very low probability flood
Page 56 and 57: m FIRMs and Flood Insurance Studies
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2-3: Riverine flood hazard z
Page 60 and 61: have been prepared by the U.S. Army
Page 62 and 63: ABFEs represent the best estimate o
Page 64 and 65:
The following characteristics that
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 2-7 shows the general relati
Page 68 and 69:
2.1.2.5 Hydrodynamic LoadsWater flo
Page 70 and 71:
stillwater depth) and that waves pr
Page 72 and 73:
Debris velocity: The velocity of th
Page 74 and 75:
The most convincing evidence of the
Page 76 and 77:
2.1.3.2 Summary of the NFIP Minimum
Page 78 and 79:
complished through a State permit,
Page 80 and 81:
Developed through a consensus proce
Page 82 and 83:
2.2 CRITICAL FACILITIES EXPOSED TOF
Page 84 and 85:
listed includes health hazards, los
Page 86 and 87:
overview on performance-based desig
Page 88 and 89:
Figure 2-12:Katrina’s storm surge
Page 90 and 91:
Buoyancy and uplift: If below-grade
Page 92 and 93:
acceptable, depending on the type o
Page 94 and 95:
Metal components: Metal structural
Page 96 and 97:
Emergency power generators: Generat
Page 98 and 99:
Office records and police files: Wh
Page 100 and 101:
2.3 REQUIREMENTS AND BESTPRACTICES
Page 102 and 103:
terior drainage (on the land side);
Page 104 and 105:
Slab-on-grade foundation on structu
Page 106 and 107:
and debris and ice impact loads. Fl
Page 108 and 109:
are capable of withstanding direct
Page 110 and 111:
pressure, hydrodynamic loads, wave
Page 112 and 113:
may significantly reduce the certai
Page 114 and 115:
2.3.2.1 Elevation ConsiderationsThe
Page 116 and 117:
Figure 2-30:Flood hazard zones inco
Page 118 and 119:
path when designing and specifying
Page 120 and 121:
ular attention to underfloor utilit
Page 122 and 123:
2.3.5.4 Storage Tank InstallationsA
Page 124 and 125:
2.4.2 SITE MODIFICATIONSA plan to m
Page 126 and 127:
Mobilized floodwall: This category
Page 128 and 129:
methods used to move other types of
Page 130 and 131:
Even if a facility is unlikely to s
Page 132 and 133:
Wastewater system components become
Page 134 and 135:
Emergency barriers are measures of
Page 136 and 137:
2.5 CHECKLIST FOR BUILDINGVULNERABI
Page 138 and 139:
Table 2-3: Checklist for Building V
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
FEMA, Protecting Building Utilities
Page 148 and 149:
MAKING CRITICAL FACILITIES SAFE FRO
Page 150 and 151:
flow is typically 6,000 to 12,000 f
Page 152 and 153:
Tornado: This is a violently rotati
Page 154 and 155:
Figure 3-3: Design wind speeds for
Page 156 and 157:
Exposure: The characteristics of th
Page 158 and 159:
Internal pressure (building pressur
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 3-7:Schematic of internalpre
Page 162 and 163:
Figure 3-8: Relative roof uplift pr
Page 164 and 165:
larities will normally be based on
Page 166 and 167:
spread in both of those storms. Pri
Page 168 and 169:
and subsequent progressive failure;
Page 170 and 171:
3.2 CRITICAL FACILITIES EXPOSED TOH
Page 172 and 173:
Wall coverings, soffits, and large
Page 174 and 175:
oof panels were applied over metal
Page 176 and 177:
3.2.2 Evaluating Critical Facilitie
Page 178 and 179:
Step 2: Perform a field investigati
Page 180 and 181:
3.3.1.1 SiteWhen selecting land for
Page 182 and 183:
schools are required to be designed
Page 184 and 185:
As part of the detailed design effo
Page 186 and 187:
steel. FEMA Technical Bulletin, Cor
Page 188 and 189:
a window submittal should show that
Page 190 and 191:
and limited uplift resistance of de
Page 192 and 193:
Figure 3-23:View looking down at th
Page 194 and 195:
m For buildings that have mechanica
Page 196 and 197:
sionals should also specify the att
Page 198 and 199:
Figure 3-31:Door sill pan flashing
Page 200 and 201:
Adjustable jamb/head weatherstrippi
Page 202 and 203:
E 2112 provides guidance on the des
Page 204 and 205:
Soffits: Depending on the wind dire
Page 206 and 207:
mph, those used for hurricane shelt
Page 208 and 209:
Figure 3-47:These four ties werenev
Page 210 and 211:
m Install ties as the brick is laid
Page 212 and 213:
At the hospital shown in Figure 3-5
Page 214 and 215:
etween the hospital and the medical
Page 216 and 217:
metal panels were attached with con
Page 218 and 219:
avoid blow-off. Stainless steel or
Page 220 and 221:
If the roof system is fully adhered
Page 222 and 223:
Figure 3-60:View of the underside o
Page 224 and 225:
ities. For FMG-insured facilities,
Page 226 and 227:
Figure 3-65:The original modifiedbi
Page 228 and 229:
Figure 3-66:If mechanically attache
Page 230 and 231:
Loads and Attachment Methods 9Infor
Page 232 and 233:
Fan cowling attachment: Fans are fr
Page 234 and 235:
Condenser attachment: In lieu of pl
Page 236 and 237:
Boiler and exhaust stack attachment
Page 238 and 239:
Figure 3-78:Collapsed hospital ligh
Page 240 and 241:
Figure 3-80:The antenna tower atthi
Page 242 and 243:
Table 3-3: Risk Reduction Design Me
Page 244 and 245:
Table 3-3: Risk Reduction Design Me
Page 246 and 247:
Chapter 4 for information on the pe
Page 248 and 249:
Figure 3-83:Open walkways donot pro
Page 250 and 251:
ASTM E 1996 specifies five missile
Page 252 and 253:
ASCE 7 refers to ASTM E 1996 for mi
Page 254 and 255:
For interior non-load-bearing mason
Page 256 and 257:
m For structural metal roofs, it is
Page 258 and 259:
Mechanically attached and air-press
Page 260 and 261:
Figure 3-92:To avoid walkway padblo
Page 262 and 263:
3.4.4.2 Mechanical PenthousesBy pla
Page 264 and 265:
To enhance the wind performance of
Page 266 and 267:
Mechanically attached single-ply me
Page 268 and 269:
to power generation stations and by
Page 270 and 271:
occupants can have bottled water pr
Page 272 and 273:
Table 3-4: Recommendations for Desi
Page 274 and 275:
Strong and violent tornadoes can ge
Page 276 and 277:
For critical facilities located in
Page 278 and 279:
Retrofitting a shelter space inside
Page 280 and 281:
funds are not available for strengt
Page 282 and 283:
Figure 3-106:The school’s built-u
Page 284 and 285:
3.6.2 Building EnvelopeThe followin
Page 286 and 287:
Shutters are typically a more econo
Page 288 and 289:
semblies with laminated glass assem
Page 290 and 291:
Figure 3-116:The edge nailer on top
Page 292 and 293:
Figure 3-118:The antenna at thishos
Page 294 and 295:
3.7 Checklist for BuildingVulnerabi
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
3.8 References and Sources ofAdditi
Page 302 and 303:
American Society for Testing and Ma
Page 304:
FEMA, Attachment of Brick Veneer in
Page 307 and 308:
accompanied with suggestions on pos
Page 309 and 310:
Hurricane Katrina emphasized the fa
Page 311 and 312:
The water supply was interrupted an
Page 313 and 314:
Hancock Medical Center in Bay St. L
Page 315 and 316:
Figure 4-4:Penthouse at the WestJef
Page 317 and 318:
Figure 4-6:Repair of EIFS wallcover
Page 319 and 320:
The primary cause of window breakag
Page 321 and 322:
West Jefferson Medical Center lost
Page 323 and 324:
4.2.8 Mechanical and ElectricalSyst
Page 325 and 326:
covering the fill cap and all vent
Page 327 and 328:
emergency communications frequently
Page 329 and 330:
mary and West Jefferson Medical Cen
Page 331 and 332:
4.3 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES4.3.1 Bac
Page 333 and 334:
4.3.2 Effects of FloodingThe most d
Page 335 and 336:
Figure 4-17:Broken windows atD’Ib
Page 337 and 338:
St. Stanislaus High School in Bay S
Page 339 and 340:
4.3.6 Structural SystemsMost of the
Page 341 and 342:
The St. Stanislaus High School camp
Page 343 and 344:
Figure 4-27:Metal roof covering pee
Page 345 and 346:
ment, especially HVAC systems, was
Page 347 and 348:
Figure 4-30:Interior damage at Char
Page 349 and 350:
m Doors should be designed to meet
Page 351 and 352:
different, most of them require and
Page 353 and 354:
4.4.3 Effects of High WindsThe high
Page 355 and 356:
Figure 4-33:Jackson County EOCFigur
Page 357 and 358:
them experienced significant proble
Page 359 and 360:
Figure 4-37:Back Bay Fire Company#3
Page 361 and 362:
Figure 4-39:Gulfport Fire Station #
Page 363 and 364:
Third District Fire Station in New
Page 365 and 366:
Figure 4-44:Roof damage at HancockC
Page 367 and 368:
underground tank for toilets and wa
Page 369 and 370:
Figure 4-47:Generator mounted atgra
Page 371 and 372:
Figure 4-49:Broken communicationsma
Page 373 and 374:
erate without adequate emergency po
Page 375 and 376:
FISFMAFMGFMRHMGPIBCICCICULPSMEPSMOB
Page 377 and 378:
Building, enclosed. A building that
Page 379 and 380:
Floodway. The channel and that port
Page 381 and 382:
OOpenings. Apertures or holes in th
Page 383 and 384:
FEMA Mitigation ProgramscFederal fu
Page 385 and 386:
Table 1: Side-by-Side of FEMA Progr
Page 387 and 388:
todial care facilities (including t
Page 389 and 390:
aged windows with impact-resistant
Page 391:
tions, and wastewater treatment pla
show all

47.5 MB - The Whole Building Design Guide

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?