47.5 MB - The Whole Building Design Guide

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Table 1: Side-by-Side of FEMA Programs (continued)Item PA (406) HMGP (404) PDM (203) FMAFundingSourceThe DisasterRelief Fund after apresidential disasterdeclaration; publicassistance mustbe authorizedspecifically as partof the disasterdeclaration.The DisasterRelief Fund after apresidential disasterdeclaration; HMGPmust be authorizedspecifically as partof the disasterdeclaration.An annualappropriation byCongress.Annualappropriationby Congress, bytransfer of incomefrom the NationalFlood InsuranceFund.PlanningRequirementFor categories C-G assistance, astate must have anapproved mitigationplan.For disastersdeclared after11/1/04, state andlocal governmentsmust have anapproved mitigationplan.State and localmitigation plansmust be adoptedand approved byFEMA prior to thebeginning of theselection process,as a preconditionfor receiving projectgrants.Recipient musthave adopted amitigation planapproved by FEMAprior to receipt ofgrant funds.ApplicationDeadlineProject worksheetsusually are dueno later than 60days after a formalbriefing presentedby FEMA and thestate (extensionsmay be grantedin unusualcircumstances).Applications must besubmitted to FEMAwithin 12 monthsof the disasterdeclaration date(extensions may begranted in unusualcircumstances).Varies by year;contact state agencyfor additionalinformation.Usually late spring;specific date variesby year, contactstate agencyfor additionalinformation.Public Assistance (Section 406)Following a presidential disaster declaration, the PA programprovides assistance for debris removal, emergency protective measures,and permanent restoration of publicly owned infrastructure.Eligible recipients of this assistance include state and local governments,Indian tribes or authorized tribal organizations, andAlaska Native villages. Certain PNP organizations may also receiveassistance. Eligible PNPs include educational, utility, irrigation,emergency, medical, rehabilitation, temporary or permanent cus-C-4 FEMA Mitigation Programs
todial care facilities (including those for the aged and disabled),and other PNP facilities that provide essential services of a governmentalnature to the general public. Certain PNPs that provide“critical services” may apply directly to FEMA, including PNPsthat provide power, sewer, wastewater treatment, communications,emergency medical care, and water (including water provided byan irrigation organization or facility).As soon as practical after the declaration, the state, assisted byFEMA, conducts Applicants’ Briefings for state, local, and PNPofficials, to inform them of the assistance available and the applicationprocedure. A request for public assistance must be filedwith the state within 30 days after an area is designated eligible forassistance.Following the Applicants’ Briefing, a kickoff meeting is conductedwith each eligible grant recipient, where specific damagesare discussed, needs assessed, and a plan of action put in place.A combined federal/state/local team proceeds with project formulation—theprocess of documenting eligible facilities anddetermining the cost for fixing the identified eligible damages.The team prepares a project worksheet foreach project. Eligible projects fall into thefollowing categories:Category A: Debris removalCategory B: Emergency protective measuresCategory C: Roads and bridgesCategory D: Water control facilitiesCategory E: Public buildings and contentsCategory F: Public utilitiesCategory G: Parks, recreational, and otherFEMA reviews and approves the project worksheets and obligatesthe federal share of the costs to the state, which, in turn, disbursesthe funds to local applicants. The federal share is not less than 75percent of the eligible project costs (except in extraordinary circumstances,when some costs are eligible for 90 or 100 percentreimbursement).The facility owner must pay for all coststhat are not eligible for Section 406reimbursement. The non-federal sharecan be a combination of cash and in-kindresources. Federal funding from othersources cannot be used as matching funds,with the exception of federal fundingprovided to states under the CommunityDevelopment Block Grant program fromthe Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment.FEMA Mitigation ProgramsC-5
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Risk Management SeriesDesign Guidef
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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ational during and after a major di
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TARGET AUDIENCEThis manual describe
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Appendix A contains a list of acron
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Forster, FEMA; David Godschalk, Uni
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Chapter 2- Making Critical faciliti
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2.4.6 Utility Installations .......
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4.4.8 Utility Plumbing Systems.....
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avoid them when feasible. In cases
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It then crossed Florida into the Gu
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Figure 1-2: Mississippi coast SLOSH
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isks for the facility at the propos
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m Appoint a building program manage
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-Figure 1-3: Process flow chart for
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hazards, usually refers to a buildi
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occurrence during a specified time
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ut is moderate overall. Some hazard
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words, the acceptable performance o
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prior to the onset of this level of
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1.4 REFERENCESAmerican Society of C
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MAKING CRITICAL FACILITIES SAFE FRO
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m Land subsidence, which increases
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valley or the presence of obstructi
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2.1.1.1 Probability of Occurrence o
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year, a very low probability flood
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m FIRMs and Flood Insurance Studies
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Figure 2-3: Riverine flood hazard z
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have been prepared by the U.S. Army
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ABFEs represent the best estimate o
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The following characteristics that
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Figure 2-7 shows the general relati
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2.1.2.5 Hydrodynamic LoadsWater flo
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stillwater depth) and that waves pr
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Debris velocity: The velocity of th
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The most convincing evidence of the
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2.1.3.2 Summary of the NFIP Minimum
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complished through a State permit,
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Developed through a consensus proce
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2.2 CRITICAL FACILITIES EXPOSED TOF
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listed includes health hazards, los
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overview on performance-based desig
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Figure 2-12:Katrina’s storm surge
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Buoyancy and uplift: If below-grade
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acceptable, depending on the type o
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Metal components: Metal structural
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Emergency power generators: Generat
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Office records and police files: Wh
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2.3 REQUIREMENTS AND BESTPRACTICES
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terior drainage (on the land side);
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Slab-on-grade foundation on structu
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and debris and ice impact loads. Fl
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are capable of withstanding direct
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pressure, hydrodynamic loads, wave
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may significantly reduce the certai
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2.3.2.1 Elevation ConsiderationsThe
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Figure 2-30:Flood hazard zones inco
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path when designing and specifying
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ular attention to underfloor utilit
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2.3.5.4 Storage Tank InstallationsA
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2.4.2 SITE MODIFICATIONSA plan to m
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Mobilized floodwall: This category
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methods used to move other types of
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Even if a facility is unlikely to s
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Wastewater system components become
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Emergency barriers are measures of
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2.5 CHECKLIST FOR BUILDINGVULNERABI
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Table 2-3: Checklist for Building V
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FEMA, Protecting Building Utilities
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MAKING CRITICAL FACILITIES SAFE FRO
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flow is typically 6,000 to 12,000 f
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Tornado: This is a violently rotati
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Figure 3-3: Design wind speeds for
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Exposure: The characteristics of th
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Internal pressure (building pressur
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Figure 3-7:Schematic of internalpre
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Figure 3-8: Relative roof uplift pr
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larities will normally be based on
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spread in both of those storms. Pri
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and subsequent progressive failure;
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3.2 CRITICAL FACILITIES EXPOSED TOH
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Wall coverings, soffits, and large
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oof panels were applied over metal
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3.2.2 Evaluating Critical Facilitie
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Step 2: Perform a field investigati
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3.3.1.1 SiteWhen selecting land for
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schools are required to be designed
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As part of the detailed design effo
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steel. FEMA Technical Bulletin, Cor
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a window submittal should show that
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and limited uplift resistance of de
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Figure 3-23:View looking down at th
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m For buildings that have mechanica
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sionals should also specify the att
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Figure 3-31:Door sill pan flashing
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Adjustable jamb/head weatherstrippi
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E 2112 provides guidance on the des
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Soffits: Depending on the wind dire
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mph, those used for hurricane shelt
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Figure 3-47:These four ties werenev
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m Install ties as the brick is laid
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At the hospital shown in Figure 3-5
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etween the hospital and the medical
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metal panels were attached with con
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avoid blow-off. Stainless steel or
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If the roof system is fully adhered
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Figure 3-60:View of the underside o
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ities. For FMG-insured facilities,
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Figure 3-65:The original modifiedbi
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Figure 3-66:If mechanically attache
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Loads and Attachment Methods 9Infor
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Fan cowling attachment: Fans are fr
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Condenser attachment: In lieu of pl
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Boiler and exhaust stack attachment
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Figure 3-78:Collapsed hospital ligh
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Figure 3-80:The antenna tower atthi
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Table 3-3: Risk Reduction Design Me
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Table 3-3: Risk Reduction Design Me
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Chapter 4 for information on the pe
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Figure 3-83:Open walkways donot pro
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ASTM E 1996 specifies five missile
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ASCE 7 refers to ASTM E 1996 for mi
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For interior non-load-bearing mason
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m For structural metal roofs, it is
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Mechanically attached and air-press
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Figure 3-92:To avoid walkway padblo
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3.4.4.2 Mechanical PenthousesBy pla
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To enhance the wind performance of
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Mechanically attached single-ply me
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to power generation stations and by
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occupants can have bottled water pr
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Table 3-4: Recommendations for Desi
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Strong and violent tornadoes can ge
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For critical facilities located in
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Retrofitting a shelter space inside
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funds are not available for strengt
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Figure 3-106:The school’s built-u
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3.6.2 Building EnvelopeThe followin
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Shutters are typically a more econo
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semblies with laminated glass assem
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Figure 3-116:The edge nailer on top
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Figure 3-118:The antenna at thishos
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3.7 Checklist for BuildingVulnerabi
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3.8 References and Sources ofAdditi
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American Society for Testing and Ma
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FEMA, Attachment of Brick Veneer in
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accompanied with suggestions on pos
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Hurricane Katrina emphasized the fa
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The water supply was interrupted an
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Hancock Medical Center in Bay St. L
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Figure 4-4:Penthouse at the WestJef
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Figure 4-6:Repair of EIFS wallcover
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The primary cause of window breakag
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West Jefferson Medical Center lost
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4.2.8 Mechanical and ElectricalSyst
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covering the fill cap and all vent
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emergency communications frequently
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mary and West Jefferson Medical Cen
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4.3 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES4.3.1 Bac
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4.3.2 Effects of FloodingThe most d
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Page 343 and 344: Figure 4-27:Metal roof covering pee
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Page 353 and 354: 4.4.3 Effects of High WindsThe high
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Page 359 and 360: Figure 4-37:Back Bay Fire Company#3
Page 361 and 362: Figure 4-39:Gulfport Fire Station #
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Page 365 and 366: Figure 4-44:Roof damage at HancockC
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Page 369 and 370: Figure 4-47:Generator mounted atgra
Page 371 and 372: Figure 4-49:Broken communicationsma
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Page 385: Table 1: Side-by-Side of FEMA Progr
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