47.5 MB - The Whole Building Design Guide

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grant recipients to invest in long-term measures that willreduce vulnerability to future natural hazards. <strong>The</strong> states havea strong role in administering HMGP, with FEMA providingoversight. Contact the State Hazard Mitigation Officer(SHMO) for state-specific information. General guidelines andresources for this program can be found on the FEMA website(www.fema.gov/fima/hmgp).m Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM), established under Section 203of the Stafford Act, is a nationally competitive grant programdesigned to assist states and communities to develop mitigationplans and implement mitigation projects. PDM funds areappropriated annually. FEMA convenes national panels toevaluate eligible applications. Applications are submittedby states following the state selection process. Communitiesshould contact the SHMO for state-specific PDM procedures.PDM program guidance and other information can be foundon the FEMA website (www.fema.gov/government/grant/pdm/index.shtm).m Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) is a grant program funded bythe National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and focusedon buildings that are insured by the NFIP, with particularattention to buildings that have received multiple claimpayments. As with the HMGP, FMA is state-administered,and information and assistance is available from the SHMO.General guidelines and resources for this program can befound on the FEMA website (www.fema.gov/government/grant/fma/index.shtm).As part of the Hurricane Katrina recovery in Mississippi and Louisiana, FEMA initiated a postdisasterPartnering Mitigation Programs initiative to combine funding from Section 406 andSection 404 where possible. Section 406 mainly funds the repair and restoration of stormdamage; thus, some building elements may remain exposed to future damage. <strong>The</strong> initiativefosters a cooperative approach to making decisions to use both PA and HMGP funds toaccomplish recovery as well as mitigation of facilities as whole buildings in a seamless fashion.C-2 FEMA Mitigation Programs
Table 1: Side-by-Side of FEMA ProgramsItem PA (406) HMGP (404) PDM (203) FMAEligibleApplicants andSub-applicantsfor ProjectGrantsState and localgovernments; PNPorganizations orinstitutions that ownor operate a PNPfacility (as definedin regulation);Indian tribes orauthorized tribalorganizationsand AlaskaNative villages ororganizations, butnot Alaska nativecorporations withownership vested inprivate individuals.State and localgovernments; PNPorganizations orinstitutions that ownor operate a PNPfacility (as definedin regulation);Indian tribes orauthorized tribalorganizationsand AlaskaNative villages ororganizations, butnot Alaska nativecorporations withownership vested inprivate individuals.State-level agencies;local governments,Indian tribes,authorized Indiantribal organizations,and AlaskaNative villages;public collegesand universities;tribal colleges anduniversities. PNPorganizations andprivate collegesand universitiesare not eligiblesub-applicants, buta relevant stateagency or localgovernment mayapply on theirbehalf.State agencies,NFIP-participatingcommunities(have zoning andbuilding codejurisdiction), andlocal authoritiesdesignated to planand implementprojects.EligibleActivitiesBasic assistanceto repair thedamaged elementsof public facilitiesand infrastructure.Eligible mitigationactivities are onlythose that protectagainst directphysical damagesto structures,building, andcontents.Eligible activitiesinclude structuraland nonstructuralmitigation measuresthat are feasibleand cost-effective.Projects may countbenefits in termsof building andcontents damages,displacement costs,loss of function,and casualties andloss of life.Eligible measuresmust be costeffectiveanddesigned to reduceinjuries, loss oflife, and damageand destruction ofproperty, includingdamage to criticalservices andfacilities underthe jurisdiction ofthe states or localgovernments.Cost Share75 percent federal75 percent federal75 percent federal75 percent federal25 percent nonfederal25 percent nonfederal25 percent nonfederal25 percent nonfederalSmall, impoverishedcommunities maybe eligible for 90percent federalshare.FEMA Mitigation ProgramsC-3
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Risk Management SeriesDesign Guidef
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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ational during and after a major di
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TARGET AUDIENCEThis manual describe
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Appendix A contains a list of acron
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Forster, FEMA; David Godschalk, Uni
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Chapter 2- Making Critical faciliti
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2.4.6 Utility Installations .......
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4.4.8 Utility Plumbing Systems.....
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avoid them when feasible. In cases
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It then crossed Florida into the Gu
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Figure 1-2: Mississippi coast SLOSH
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isks for the facility at the propos
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m Appoint a building program manage
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-Figure 1-3: Process flow chart for
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hazards, usually refers to a buildi
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occurrence during a specified time
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ut is moderate overall. Some hazard
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words, the acceptable performance o
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prior to the onset of this level of
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1.4 REFERENCESAmerican Society of C
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MAKING CRITICAL FACILITIES SAFE FRO
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m Land subsidence, which increases
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valley or the presence of obstructi
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2.1.1.1 Probability of Occurrence o
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year, a very low probability flood
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m FIRMs and Flood Insurance Studies
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Figure 2-3: Riverine flood hazard z
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have been prepared by the U.S. Army
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ABFEs represent the best estimate o
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The following characteristics that
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Figure 2-7 shows the general relati
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2.1.2.5 Hydrodynamic LoadsWater flo
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stillwater depth) and that waves pr
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Debris velocity: The velocity of th
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The most convincing evidence of the
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2.1.3.2 Summary of the NFIP Minimum
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complished through a State permit,
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Developed through a consensus proce
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2.2 CRITICAL FACILITIES EXPOSED TOF
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listed includes health hazards, los
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overview on performance-based desig
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Figure 2-12:Katrina’s storm surge
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Buoyancy and uplift: If below-grade
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acceptable, depending on the type o
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Metal components: Metal structural
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Emergency power generators: Generat
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Office records and police files: Wh
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2.3 REQUIREMENTS AND BESTPRACTICES
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terior drainage (on the land side);
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Slab-on-grade foundation on structu
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and debris and ice impact loads. Fl
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are capable of withstanding direct
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pressure, hydrodynamic loads, wave
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may significantly reduce the certai
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2.3.2.1 Elevation ConsiderationsThe
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Figure 2-30:Flood hazard zones inco
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path when designing and specifying
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ular attention to underfloor utilit
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2.3.5.4 Storage Tank InstallationsA
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2.4.2 SITE MODIFICATIONSA plan to m
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Mobilized floodwall: This category
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methods used to move other types of
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Even if a facility is unlikely to s
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Wastewater system components become
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Emergency barriers are measures of
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2.5 CHECKLIST FOR BUILDINGVULNERABI
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Table 2-3: Checklist for Building V
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FEMA, Protecting Building Utilities
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MAKING CRITICAL FACILITIES SAFE FRO
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flow is typically 6,000 to 12,000 f
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Tornado: This is a violently rotati
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Figure 3-3: Design wind speeds for
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Exposure: The characteristics of th
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Internal pressure (building pressur
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Figure 3-7:Schematic of internalpre
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Figure 3-8: Relative roof uplift pr
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larities will normally be based on
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spread in both of those storms. Pri
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and subsequent progressive failure;
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3.2 CRITICAL FACILITIES EXPOSED TOH
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Wall coverings, soffits, and large
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oof panels were applied over metal
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3.2.2 Evaluating Critical Facilitie
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Step 2: Perform a field investigati
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3.3.1.1 SiteWhen selecting land for
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schools are required to be designed
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As part of the detailed design effo
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steel. FEMA Technical Bulletin, Cor
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a window submittal should show that
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and limited uplift resistance of de
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Figure 3-23:View looking down at th
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m For buildings that have mechanica
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sionals should also specify the att
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Figure 3-31:Door sill pan flashing
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Adjustable jamb/head weatherstrippi
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E 2112 provides guidance on the des
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Soffits: Depending on the wind dire
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mph, those used for hurricane shelt
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Figure 3-47:These four ties werenev
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m Install ties as the brick is laid
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At the hospital shown in Figure 3-5
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etween the hospital and the medical
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metal panels were attached with con
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avoid blow-off. Stainless steel or
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If the roof system is fully adhered
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Figure 3-60:View of the underside o
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ities. For FMG-insured facilities,
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Figure 3-65:The original modifiedbi
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Figure 3-66:If mechanically attache
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Loads and Attachment Methods 9Infor
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Fan cowling attachment: Fans are fr
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Condenser attachment: In lieu of pl
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Boiler and exhaust stack attachment
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Figure 3-78:Collapsed hospital ligh
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Figure 3-80:The antenna tower atthi
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Table 3-3: Risk Reduction Design Me
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Table 3-3: Risk Reduction Design Me
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Chapter 4 for information on the pe
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Figure 3-83:Open walkways donot pro
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ASTM E 1996 specifies five missile
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ASCE 7 refers to ASTM E 1996 for mi
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For interior non-load-bearing mason
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m For structural metal roofs, it is
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Mechanically attached and air-press
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Figure 3-92:To avoid walkway padblo
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3.4.4.2 Mechanical PenthousesBy pla
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To enhance the wind performance of
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Mechanically attached single-ply me
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to power generation stations and by
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occupants can have bottled water pr
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Table 3-4: Recommendations for Desi
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Strong and violent tornadoes can ge
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For critical facilities located in
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Retrofitting a shelter space inside
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funds are not available for strengt
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Figure 3-106:The school’s built-u
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3.6.2 Building EnvelopeThe followin
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Shutters are typically a more econo
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semblies with laminated glass assem
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Figure 3-116:The edge nailer on top
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Figure 3-118:The antenna at thishos
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3.7 Checklist for BuildingVulnerabi
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3.8 References and Sources ofAdditi
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American Society for Testing and Ma
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FEMA, Attachment of Brick Veneer in
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accompanied with suggestions on pos
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Hurricane Katrina emphasized the fa
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The water supply was interrupted an
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Hancock Medical Center in Bay St. L
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Figure 4-4:Penthouse at the WestJef
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Figure 4-6:Repair of EIFS wallcover
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The primary cause of window breakag
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West Jefferson Medical Center lost
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4.2.8 Mechanical and ElectricalSyst
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covering the fill cap and all vent
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emergency communications frequently
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mary and West Jefferson Medical Cen
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4.3 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES4.3.1 Bac
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Page 343 and 344: Figure 4-27:Metal roof covering pee
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Page 353 and 354: 4.4.3 Effects of High WindsThe high
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Page 359 and 360: Figure 4-37:Back Bay Fire Company#3
Page 361 and 362: Figure 4-39:Gulfport Fire Station #
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Page 365 and 366: Figure 4-44:Roof damage at HancockC
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Page 369 and 370: Figure 4-47:Generator mounted atgra
Page 371 and 372: Figure 4-49:Broken communicationsma
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