47.5 MB - The Whole Building Design Guide

Figure 3-23:View looking down at thetop of a steel joist after themetal decking blew away.Only a small portion ofthe deck was well fusedto the joist (circled area).Tornado (Oklahoma,1999)Figure 3-24:Looking down at a sidelap of a deck attachedwith powder-driven pins. The washer at the top pinblew through the deck.Figure 3-25:View looking along a sidelap of a deck attachedwith powder-driven pins. The right pin does notprovide adequate uplift and shear resistance.m For precast concrete decks it is recommended that the deckconnections be designed to resist the design uplift loadsbecause the deck dead load itself is often insufficient to resistthe uplift. The deck in Figure 3-26 had bolts to provide upliftresistance; however, anchor plates and nuts had not beeninstalled. Without the anchor plates, the dead load of the deckwas insufficient to resist the wind uplift load.MAKING CRITICAL FACILITIES SAFE FROM High Wind3-45