NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

were evaluated throughout the experiment. Nicotine exposure (6 mg nicotine/kg/day) during adolescence was related to
increased, subsequent fentanyl self-administration in non-stressed male rats. Exposure to immobilization stress prior to opioid
availability attenuated or reversed the effect of adolescent exposure to 6 mg nicotine/kg/day on fentanyl self-administration
in adult male rats. These effects did not occur for female rats. Female rats consumed more fentanyl than did male rats,
regardless of nicotine pre-exposure, but male and female rats did not display differences in withdrawal following naloxone
challenge. Opiate self-administration decreased food consumption for all animals. Nicotine history appeared to increase
plasma corticosterone levels in non-stressed, male and female rats. Nicotine decreased body weight gains and food
Consumption among male and female rats and both of these effects were greater in female than in male rats. Nicotine cessation
resulted in increases in body weight and food consumption and these effects were greater in females than in males. Stress
increased plasma corticosterone in male and female rats and female rats had higher levels of plasma corticosterone. Stress
decreased body weight and food consumption in male and female rats regardless of nicotine history.
DTIC
Adults; Hypotheses; Nicotine; Pharmacology; Rats; Sex
20060001901 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA
The Acquisition of Drugs and Biologics for Chemical and Biological Warfare Defense. Department of Defense
Interactions with the Food and Drug Administration
Rettig, Richard A.; Brower, Jennifer; Yaniv, Orlie; Jan. 1, 2003; 94 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0004
Report No.(s): AD-A440504; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Chemical and biological threats confront U.S. military personnel today both overseas and in the continental USA, whether
in defensive, peacekeeping, or offensive situations. Defenses against such threats are both medical and nonmedical. Drugs and
biologics, mainly vaccines, constitute the primary medical defenses. Consequently, efforts of the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) to protect American troops require the acquisition of drugs and biologics for chemical and biological warfare (CBW)
defense. The objective of this acquisition, as is the case for other acquisitions, is to obtain the desired supply of a given product
at an acceptable price. This study includes both drugs and biologics, but it emphasizes the latter (mainly focusing on vaccines,
a subset of biologics). Vaccines provide advanced protection against biological warfare threats via immunization of at-risk
troops and prior protection is a high priority within DoD. In contrast, drugs are useful mainly in treating already-exposed
troops. Vaccine development is also more complicated than drug development because it typically involves manipulating live
organisms, whereas drugs consist of more-stable chemical entities. DoD has two distinct roles during the acquisition of drugs
and biologics for CBW defense: purchaser and developer. As purchaser of a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) for which a commercial market exists, DoD simply buys what it needs at the market price; DoD
acquisition of influenza vaccine is a good example of this.
DTIC
Acquisition; Chemical Warfare; Defense Program; Drugs; Public Health; Warfare
20060001912 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA
RAND Review: Volume 29, Number 2, Summer 2005
Jan. 1, 2005; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A440532; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
RAND Review is published periodically by the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit institution. The mission of the RAND
Corporation is to help improve policy and decision making through research and analysis. Titles of articles appearing in this
publication include: 1) Army Stretched Thin: There’s no easy way out for the nation; 2) Centerpiece -- No Single Policy is
Likely to Meet All Army Goals, Given Current Rate of Sustained Operations; 3) Cover Story -- Peace Entrenched: Planning
for a Palestinian State should not await a final settlement; 4) Doctor’s Orders: Better electronic prescribing systems could
improve care.
DTIC
Decision Making; Policies; Summer
20060001923 Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corp., Benerly, MA USA
Testing of WW-85
Salzman, Andrew; Nov. 21, 2005; 20 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W911NF-05-1-0016
Report No.(s): AD-A440590; INOTEK-46981; ARO-46981.1-LS-DRP; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
110