NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
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organizational processes). This closeness is based on three main characteristics of organizational performance: workload<br />
balance, communication requirements, <strong>and</strong> DM-DM dependence. These characteristics are affected, in turn, by the interactions<br />
<strong>and</strong> interdependencies of the organizational processes <strong>and</strong> the dem<strong>and</strong>s of the mission scenario. Invariably, coordination is<br />
essential to achieve good performance because the information required for decision making is often distributed. However,<br />
excessive DM-DM communication <strong>and</strong> coordination are harmful to performance, since they increase the processing<br />
workload/overhead that delays task execution. Performance improvements can be obtained by changing the structure <strong>and</strong><br />
processes of an organization to decrease the requisite coordination, while balancing the levels of workload across the<br />
organization <strong>and</strong> reducing inter-DM dependence.<br />
DTIC<br />
Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control; Computerized Simulation; Congruences; Organizations<br />
20060001880 Maryl<strong>and</strong> Univ., College Park, MD USA<br />
Breaking the Resource Bottleneck for Multilingual Parsing<br />
Hwa, Rebecca; Resnik, Philip; Weinberg, Amy; Jan. 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English<br />
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FCPO.810548265<br />
Report No.(s): AD-A440432; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense <strong>Technical</strong> Information Center (DTIC)<br />
We propose a framework that enables the acquisition of annotation-heavy resources such as syntactic dependency tree<br />
corpora for low-resource languages by importing linguistic annotations from high-quality English resources. We present a<br />
large-scale experiment showing that Chinese dependency trees can be induced by using an English parser, a word alignment<br />
package, <strong>and</strong> a large corpus of sentence-aligned bilingual text. As a part of the experiment, we evaluate the quality of a Chinese<br />
parser trained on the induced dependency treebank. We find that a parser trained in this manner out-performs some simple<br />
baselines inspite of the noise in the induced treebank. The results suggest that projecting syntactic structures from English is<br />
a viable option for acquiring annotated syntactic structures quickly <strong>and</strong> cheaply. We expect the quality of the induced treebank<br />
to improve when more sophisticated filtering <strong>and</strong> error-correction techniques are applied.<br />
DTIC<br />
Linguistics; Parsing Algorithms<br />
20060001907 New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM USA<br />
Graphical Multiscale Web Histories: A Study of PadPrints<br />
Hightower, Ron R.; Ring, Laura T.; Helfman, Jonathan I.; Bederson, Benjamin B.; Hollan, James D.; Nov. 1, 1998; 9 pp.; In<br />
English; Original contains color illustrations<br />
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-94-C-6039<br />
Report No.(s): AD-A440514; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense <strong>Technical</strong> Information Center (DTIC)<br />
We have implemented a browser companion called PadPrints that dynamically builds a graphical history-map of visited<br />
web pages. PadPrints relies on Pad++, a zooming user interface (ZUI) development substrate, to display the history-map using<br />
minimal screen space. PadPrints functions in conjunction with a traditional web browser but without requiring any browser<br />
modifications. We performed two usability studies of PadPrints. The first addressed general navigation effectiveness. The<br />
second focused on history-related aspects of navigation. In tasks requiring returns to prior pages, users of PadPrints completed<br />
tasks in 61.2% of the time required by users of the same browser without PadPrints. We also observed significant decreases<br />
in the number of pages accessed when using PadPrints. Users found browsing with PadPrints more satisfying than using<br />
Netscape alone.<br />
DTIC<br />
Computer Programs; Graphical User Interface; Navigation<br />
20060001909 Maryl<strong>and</strong> Univ., College Park, MD USA<br />
Toolkit Design for Interactive Structured Graphics<br />
Bederson, Benjamin B.; Grosjean, Jesse; Meyer, Jon; Jan. 1, 2003; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations<br />
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-94-C-6039<br />
Report No.(s): AD-A440520; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense <strong>Technical</strong> Information Center (DTIC)<br />
In this paper, we analyze three approaches to building graphical applications with rich user interfaces. We compare<br />
h<strong>and</strong>-crafted custom code to polylithic <strong>and</strong> monolithic toolkit-based solutions. Polylithic toolkits follow a design philosophy<br />
similar to 3D scene graphs supported by toolkits including Java3D <strong>and</strong> OpenInventor. Monolithic toolkits are more akin to<br />
2D Graphical User Interface toolkits such as Swing or MFC. We describe Jazz (a polylithic toolkit) <strong>and</strong> Piccolo (a monolithic<br />
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