NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

development (DCS/D), which were both aimed at controlling the scientists. The systems management approach evolved out
of a jurisdictional conflict between ARDC and its rival, Air Materiel Command (AMC). The latter controlled R&D finances
and was determined not to relinquish its prerogatives. But Gen. Bernard A. Schriever’s Western Development Division
(WDD), located at Inglewood, California, made its case, based upon the Soviet Union’s nuclear threat, to engage in the race
to develop long-range ballistic missiles. Ultimately, Schriever’s new project management and weapons systems procedures
produced a family of missile and space vehicles. Closely related to the missiles program was the air defense effort, centered
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston. Dr. Jay Forrester’s Project Whirlwind evolved into large-scale,
real-time computers. When Schriever assumed command of ARDC, he transplanted his successful Inglewood model to all
major weapons systems acquisition. An extensive bibliography is included.7
DTIC
Computers; Government Procurement; Military Technology; Research and Development; Research Management; Systems
Management; Technology Utilization; United States; Weapon Systems
20060001871 Maryland Univ., Baltimore, MD USA
An Approach to Dynamic Service Management in Pervasive Computing Systems
Kagal, Lalana; Avancha, Sasikanth; Korolev, Vladimir; Joshi, Anupam; Finin, Tim; Jan. 1, 2005; 6 pp.; In English; Original
contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-00-2-0591
Report No.(s): AD-A440419; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
In the near future, we will see dramatic changes in computing and networking hardware. A large number of devices (e.g.,
phones, PDAs, even small household appliances) will become computationally enabled. Micro/nano sensors will be widely
embedded in most engineered artifacts, from the clothes we wear to the roads we drive on. All of these devices will be
(wirelessly) networked using Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15 or IEEE 802.11 for short range connectivity creating pervasive
environments. In this age, where a large number of wirelessly networked appliances and devices are becoming commonplace,
there is a necessity for providing a standard interface to them that is easily accessible by any user. This paper outlines the
design of Centaurus, an infrastructure for presenting services to heterogeneous mobile clients in a physical space via some
short range wireless links. the infrastructure is communication medium independent; we have implemented the system over
Bluetooth, CDPD and Infrared, three well-known wireless technologies. All the components in our model use a language
based on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for communication, giving the system a uniform and easily adaptable interface.
Centaurus defines a uniform infrastructure for heterogeneous services, both hardware and software, to be made available to
diverse mobile users within a confined space.
DTIC
Communication Networks; Computer Networks; Computers; Human-Computer Interface; Management Systems;
Standardization
20060001876 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA
Comparing User-Assisted and Automatic Query Translation
He, Daqing; Wang, Jianqiang; Oard, Douglas W.; Nossal, Michael; Jan. 1, 2005; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-00-2-8910
Report No.(s): AD-A440428; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
For the 2002 Cross-Language Evaluation Forum Interactive Track, the University of Maryland team focused on query
formulation and reformulation. Twelve people performed a total of forty eight searches in the German document collection
using English queries. Half of the searches were with user-assisted query translation, and half with fully automatic query
translation. For the user-assisted query translation condition, participants were provided two types of cues about the meaning
of each translation: a list of other terms with the same translation (potential synonyms), and a sentence in which the word was
used in a translation appropriate context. Four searchers performed the official ICLEF task, the other eight searched a smaller
collection. Searchers performing the official task were able to make more accurate relevance judgments with user-assisted
query translation for three of the four topics. We observed that the number of query iterations seems to vary systematically
with topic, system, and collection, and we are analyzing query content and ranked retrieval measures to obtain further insight
into these variations in search behavior.
DTIC
Translating
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