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20060001826 Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA USA Statistical Language Modeling for Information Retrieval Liu, Xiaoyong; Croft, W. B.; Jan. 1, 2005; 42 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-02-1-8903; MDA904-01-C-0984 Report No.(s): AD-A440321; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This chapter reviews research and applications in statistical language modeling for information retrieval (IR) that has emerged within the past several years as a new probabilistic framework for describing information retrieval processes. Generally speaking, statistical language modeling, or more simply, language modeling (LM), refers to the task of estimating a probability distribution that captures statistical regularities of natural language use. Applied to information retrieval, language modeling refers to the problem of estimating the likelihood that a query and a document could have been generated by the same language model, given the language model of the document and with or without a language model of the query. DTIC Information Retrieval; Mathematical Models; Probability Theory; Statistical Analysis 20060001833 Aptima, Inc., Woburn, MA USA Mixed-Initiative Control of Robotic Systems Freeman, Jared T.; MacMillan, Jean; Jan. 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A440341; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A critical topic of research concerning human interaction with robotic warriors concerns the functionality of intelligent systems to advise human operators and share control of robots with those operators. This functionality will engage human and software systems in a complex, highly interdependent exchange of information and control as humans initialize systems that advise them, refine system recommendations, and trade off control of robotic forces with the system during mission execution. In research for DARPA and the U.S. Army, the authors have defined the Relational Knowledge Framework (RKF) that defines fundamental classes of human interactions with intelligent robotics systems planning and control systems. Several cognitive issues are prominent in these interactions. They suggest that system design and training should support specific types of knowledge by operators. These concern the relations (thus, the relational knowledge framework) between the following: (1) the current state of the battle or the system and norms, (2) system parameters and system operations, (3) system inputs and real-world events, and (4) control decisions and the control interface. The framework, cognitive issues, and training and design requirements are defined. DTIC Control; Information Management; Man Machine Systems; Robotics 20060001839 Aptima, Inc., Woburn, MA USA Networks of Decision-Making and Communicating Agents: A New Methodology for Design and Evaluation of Organizational Strategies and Heterarchical Structures Levchuk, Georgiy M.; Yu, Feili; Levchuk, Yuri; Pattipati, Krishna R.; Jan. 1, 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-02-C-0233; N00014-00-1-0101 Report No.(s): AD-A440348; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) In this paper, the authors explore the decomposition of organizational processes and decision-making, the coexistence of an organization’s command and communication networks, and their effects on team performance. They present a methodology to design mission-based strategies and novel heterarchical organizational structures based on exploring information/command transfer and processing in the organizations. This methodology allows the synthesis of alternative C3I organizational structures that outperform traditional hierarchies in environments with heavy information volume, scarce resources, and strict knowledge and communication constraints. DTIC Command and Control; Communicating; Data Processing; Decision Making; Mathematical Models; Networks 20060001845 Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA USA Optimal Mixture Models in IR Lavrenko, Victor; Jan. 1, 2005; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-99-1-8912 Report No.(s): AD-A440363; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) 224
We explore the use of Optimal Mixture Models to represent topics. We analyze two broad classes of mixture models: set-based and weighted. We provide an original proof that estimation of set-based models is NP-hard, and therefore not feasible. We argue that weighted models are superior to set-based models, and the solution can be estimated by a simple gradient descent technique. We demonstrate that Optimal Mixture Models can be successfully applied to the task of document retrieval. Our experiments show that weighted mixtures outperform a simple language modeling baseline. We also observe that weighted mixtures are more robust than other approaches of estimating topical models. DTIC Information Retrieval; Mathematical Models; Optimization 20060001853 Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA USA A Conditional Random Field for Discriminatively-Trained Finite-State String Edit Distance McCallum, Andrew; Bellare, Kedar; Pereira, Fernando; Jan. 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A440386; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The need to measure sequence similarity arises in information extraction, object identity, data mining, biological sequence analysis, and other domains. This paper presents discriminative string-edit CRF’s a finite-state conditional random field model for edit sequences between strings. Conditional random fields have advantages over generative approaches to this problem, such as pair HMMs or the work of Ristad and Yianilos, because as conditionally-trained methods, they enable the use of complex, arbitrary actions and features of the input strings. As in generative models, the training data does not have to specify the edit sequences between the given string pairs. Unlike generative models, however, our model is trained on both positive and negative instances of string pairs. We present positive experimental results on several data sets. DTIC Random Variables; Strings 20060001854 Connecticut Univ., Storrs, CT USA Mapping Flows onto Networks to Optimize Organizational Processes Levchuk, Georgiy M.; Levchuk, Yuri N.; Pattipati, Krishna R.; Kleinman, David L.; Jan. 1, 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0101 Report No.(s): AD-A440387; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Interdependence of tasks in a mission necessitates information flow among the organizational elements (agents) assigned to these tasks. This information flow introduces communication delays. An effective task schedule that minimizes the total execution time, including task processing and coordination delays, is an important issue in designing an organization and its task processing strategy. This paper defines the structure of information-dependent tasks, and describes an approach to map this structure to a network of organizational elements (agents). Since the general problem of scheduling tasks with communication is NP-hard, only fast heuristic (e.g., list scheduling and linear clustering) algorithms are discussed. The authors modify the priority calculation for list scheduling methods, matching the critical path with a network of heterogeneous agents. They then present their algorithm, termed Heterogeneous Dynamic Bottom Level (HDBL), and compare it with various list-scheduling heuristics. The results show that HDBL exhibits superior performance to all list scheduling algorithms, providing an improvement of over 25% in schedule length for communication-intensive task graphs. DTIC Command and Control; Information Transfer; Mapping; Networks; Optimization; Organizations; Scheduling 20060001863 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Searching the Web with SHOE Heflin, Jeff; Hendler, James; Jan. 1, 2000; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL01-97-K-0135 Report No.(s): AD-A440405; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Although search engine technology has improved in recent years, there are still many types of searches that return unsatisfactory results. This situation can be greatly improved if web pages use a semantic markup language to describe their content. We have developed SHOE, a language for this purpose, and in this paper describe a scenario for how the language could be used by search engines of the future. A major challenge to this system is designing a query tool that can exploit the power of a knowledge base while still being simple enough for the casual user. We present the SHOE Search tool, which 225
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Since its founding, NASA has been d
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NASA STI Availability Information N
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Life Sciences 51 Life Sciences (Gen
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Microstructure Fabrication and Perf
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RNP SAAAR procedures have been prop
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concept was originally developed to
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appropriate information in the righ
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preceding aircraft. The proposed DE
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Workshop; November 2005; 31 pp.; In
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20060002288 Johns Hopkins Univ., La
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Workshop; November 2005, pp. 1-19;
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aircraft would then vary its broadc
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20060001772 Northrop Grumman Corp.,
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seedling effort, Metron has been aw
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aircraft ‘streaming’ that impli
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implantation of analog-to-digital c
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12 percent; Denver, Kennedy and Orl
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maneuver is along or opposite the v
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18 SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND P
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High-Level Waste Workshop held on J
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detectors, but 50 seconds slower th
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computed to shed light on the feasi
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have to be satisfied. Usually, an i
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desired speech with better intellig
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noise is not required. Simulation e
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we present a series of lessons lear
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eceived instantaneous power level h
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integration of these highly integra
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The scheme is based on the harmonic
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A family of Quantized State (QS) ad
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atios. It is also used in a speech
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In AM radio it is of interest to in
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We define a piecewise AR model for
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the far domain eliminates scan time
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Fault Diagnosis of Piecewise-Linear
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20060002115 Iowa Univ., Iowa City,
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applications requiring wide dynamic
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attractive media for meeting the co
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20060002148 American Telephone and
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are considered and modeled as an un
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the program executes at least 100 t
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with low precision components, and
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20060002295 Pennsylvania State Univ
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losses, and boundary layer velocity
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object. The goal of this paper is t
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20060001640 General Electric Co., S
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The Advanced Volume Sensor Project
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20060001813 Michigan Univ., Ann Arb
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demonstrate that operations perform
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context of how Army installations n
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13.4% on a non-textured single-side
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ilayer structure, the DLC films not
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operating information, and a black-
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46 GEOPHYSICS Includes Earth struct
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20060002033 National War Coll., Was
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esults of this study indicate that
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Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax will be
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were evaluated throughout the exper
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20060001236 Institute of Space Medi
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20060001245 Institute of Space Medi
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III dummy was similar to those obta
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properties of hyperbolic Dirichlet
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This paper had been prepared as a t
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20060002350 BERG2 Micro-Computer Es
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Exploratory Learning; Neurobiologic
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operation of LSI is pursuited to ac
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industrial tools, and increased int
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20060001694 Motorola, Inc., Schaumb
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enchmarks in this document is meant
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contemporary team theory, adapted a
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toolkit), each of which we built to
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developmental effort. This paper il
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signal-processing algorithms, allow
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Scheduling (TIES) for efficient net
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safety, and real time performance o
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20060001877 New York Univ., New Yor
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domain. dRBAC utilizes PKI to ident
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difference in the synchronous frequ
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This paper presents an analysis of
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method relies on two mathematical t
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This paper considers the behaviour
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20060001709 Pennsylvania State Univ
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The feasibility of real time, micro
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a product of two Toeplitz data matr
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The model parameters necessary for
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estimators, and investigate the eff
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was only able to identify DMMP down
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takes I+26M, I+31M for an addition
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65 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Inclu
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Page 190 and 191: 20060001806 North Carolina State Un
Page 192 and 193: ate of the Booster, and provide a l
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Page 196 and 197: 20060002069 Fermi National Accelera
Page 200 and 201: micrographs as triangular and trape
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Page 206 and 207: 20060002468 Lawrence Livermore Nati
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Page 210 and 211: parameters and propose some importa
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Page 216 and 217: 20060001730 Naval Underwater System
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Page 228 and 229: 20060001768 Naval Postgraduate Scho
Page 232 and 233: allows the user to specify a contex
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Page 236 and 237: such as ADSL and FTTH, we are now a
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Page 242 and 243: Telescope (HST) at optical waveleng
Page 244 and 245: Misadjustment Expressions for Infin
Page 246 and 247: A-4 Complexity Reduced Lattice Filt
Page 248 and 249: ASYMMETRY Anthrax Biosensor, Protec
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Page 252 and 253: CLIMATE C-Haendelser i Vinterklimat
Page 254 and 255: Neutronics Assessments for a RIA Fr
Page 256 and 257: CRYSTAL SURFACES High-Throughput Ap
Page 258 and 259: DIELECTRICS Theoretical and Experim
Page 260 and 261: Analysis of Depletion-Region Collec
Page 262 and 263: Scenario Customization for Informat
Page 264 and 265: GALLIUM ARSENIDES InGaAs/GaAs QD Su
Page 266 and 267: HUMAN RESOURCES The Management of P
Page 268 and 269: INFRARED SPECTRA Chemical Vapor Ide
Page 270 and 271: Adaptive Transversal Filters with D
Page 272 and 273: MATCHED FILTERS Simplified Class 1
Page 274 and 275: MILITARY TECHNOLOGY The USA Air For
Page 276 and 277: NONLINEAR FILTERS A Novel Approach
Page 278 and 279: Object Classification and Registrat
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Predicting Ductile Crack Growth in
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RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS Recursive Array
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Texture Segmentation Using a Class
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SITUATIONAL AWARENESS Aspects of Sh
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STABILITY Damping Transverse Instab
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Single Target Spin Asymmetries and
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On Generalized Feussner’s Princip
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WEAR Wear Prediction of Strip Seals
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Anderson, Robert H. The Vulnerabili
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Neutronics Assessments for a RIA Fr
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Chien, Ting-Li Navigation of a Mobi
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The Modeling and Segmentation of Sp
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Fomin, Pavel Test and Evaluation of
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Hann, P. R. Technical Equivalency D
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Irons, F. H. A Phase-Plane Approach
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Kawarada, Hiroshi A Hierarchical Re
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Lai, Feipei JADE: A Hierarchical Sw
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Lopez-Perez, Javier VHF Channel Occ
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Menard, J. Scaling of Kinetic Insta
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Ney, Hermann Dynamic Programming Sp
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Using Rhythms of Relationships to U
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Resch, C. Communications Technology
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Sedra, A. S. SlCOMP: A Silicon Comp
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Steffler, E. D. Predicting Ductile
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Torkelson, Mats A VLSI Sigma-Delta
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Wheeler, P. D. Practical Adaptive N
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Zong-ye, Wang Application of Multis
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